花朝节与花神庙

花朝节我们国家是一个爱花的国度，我国人民一直把花视为良朋益友。古人以为：梅令人高，兰令人幽，菊令人逸，莲令人淡，海棠令人艳，牡丹令人豪，竹令人韵。因此，陶渊明爱菊，林和靖爱梅，周敦颐爱莲，苏东坡爱海棠，郑板桥爱竹，朱德爱兰历来被人视为佳话。人们把花看...     

惬意出游 蜀南竹海纳清凉

<正>竹自古就受到中国人的偏爱,被奉为"四君子"——梅、兰、竹、菊之一,是气节的代表。苏东坡曾言道:"宁可食无肉,不可使居无竹",又说"无肉令人瘦,无竹令人俗"。从郑板桥画中的劲竹,到《红楼梦》潇湘馆窗前的柔竹,同样的超凡脱俗。     

花草雅称知多少

花草绿植自古是文人雅士的咏颂之物。在传统文化中,每一种花草都有其品性风骨。 梅兰竹菊被人们赞颂已久,梅,傲雪裁冰,高洁志士;兰,空谷幽香,社会贤达;竹,清雅澹泊,谦谦君子;菊,凌霜自行,世外隐士。它们都没有媚世之态,遗世独立。明代黄凤池辑有《梅竹兰菊四谱》,从此,梅兰竹菊被称为“四君子”。     

明末画梅名家陈继儒书画册赏析

<正>"冰雪林中著此身,不同桃李混芳尘。忽然一夜清香发,散作乾坤万里春。"这是元代著名画家王冕的一首咏梅诗,道出了北宋王安石笔下梅花"凌寒独自开"的那种超凡脱俗的魅力风采。梅花为梅、兰、竹、菊"四君子"之首,又与松、竹并称"岁寒三友"。其开于岁末早春严寒之时,花色绚烂。因其所具有的坚强忠贞、气韵高洁的品性而为历代文人雅士所钟爱,或为之吟诗作赋,或绘之丹青。如北宋爱梅成痴的林逋,在     

心持一瓣欣能托 好随清梦到沅湘——清代蒋予检写兰

<正>兰花是中国传统名花,是一种以香著称的花卉。它幽香清远,一枝在室,满屋飘香。其花素而不艳,亭亭玉立,姿态端秀,别具神韵。古人赞曰:"兰之香,盖一国",故有"国香"的别称。兰花的花叶、花形、花香皆可赏。其叶终年常绿,多而不乱,仰俯自如。兰花以其叶、花、香独具"四清"——气清、色清、神清、韵清,给人以极高洁、清雅的优美形象,备受人们的喜爱,与竹、菊、梅合称"四君子"。古人常把诗文之美喻为"兰章",把友谊之真喻为"兰交",把良友喻为"兰客"。战国楚诗人屈原(前339一前278年)是我国文学史上第一个伟大     

苏州梅韵谈片

<正>梅花是我国特产的植物之一,因其凌寒而开,品格高洁,受到了历代文人墨客的喜爱。梅花和松、竹并称为"岁寒三友,又和兰、菊、竹一起有"四君子之称,并位居首位,在二十四番花信风中,梅花也拔得头筹,可见其在中国文化中的重要地位。苏州四季分明,气候温     

岁寒三友中国品格

在吴咏的《天坛史话》里,描述徐志摩与林徽因陪同泰戈尔访华的历史中,有一段很有意思的文字:林小姐人艳如花,和老诗人夹臂而行,加上长袍白面,郊寒岛瘦的徐志摩,有如苍松竹梅的一幅三友图。中国人赋予了岁寒三友独特的人格特点与隽永的精神魅力,在这个年终季节,我们不妨走过中国各个著名景区,感受松的伟傲、竹的清虚、梅的出尘。     

一曲优美的月光奏鸣曲 南京博物院《中庭步月图》赏析

文徵明（1470—1559年）,明代画家,＂吴门四家＂之一,又与沈周、唐寅、仇英合称＂明四家＂。初名壁,字徵明,后以字行,更字徵仲,号衡山居士,长洲（今江苏吴县）人,曾任翰林院待诏。一生致力于绘画和书法创作,擅画山水、人物和花鸟、竹果。山水文秀清雅,所作青绿山水则用笔细劲秀润,设色古雅厚重。常作意笔兰、竹、也作菊、水仙,花鸟、兰竹画秀逸灵活,格调清丽雅致,画兰最为著名,秀丽婉润,有＂文兰＂之誉。书法俊迈奔放、     

娜淀(布朗族)

在很早很早的时候,布朗族人民居住的地方,有一个美丽的坝子,坝子中间,有一条河叫娜淀河。为什么要叫娜淀河呢?这里有一个故事。传说,在古时候,这条河的南面有许多梅漂竹,竹子又高又大,把整个寨子紧紧地包围着。过去,住在山里的妖怪想来寨子里抢东西,来了好几次,由于有梅漂竹的保护,妖怪还没有进寨子就被寨子里的布朗人赶跑了。这个寨子里的头人,有一个美丽的女儿叫娜淀。黑黝黝的大眼睛特别有神,白里透     

菊·竹·民族

菊篇喜爱菊,喜爱它淡淡的幽香,喜爱它朴素而不华贵的外衣,喜爱它高洁而不庸俗的气质。晋陶渊明独爱菊,就有了“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”的优哉优哉的画面,这是他“性本爱丘山”的真实写照。司空图也曾在《诗品》中这样写道:诗的意境就是“空潭泻春,古镜照神”,而诗的品性则应当是“人淡如菊,淡不可收”。菊,蕴含的是“质本洁来还洁去”的品性;做人,就应当像菊。竹篇也喜爱竹,喜爱它的参天耸立,喜爱它单纯而不     

On the Unseriousness of Human Affairs: Teaching,Writing, Playing,Believing, Lecturing,Philosophizing, Singing,Dancing

Abstract

Baker, Paula, ed. Money and Politics University Park: Penn State University Press 120 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0-271-02246-9 Publication Date: October 2002

Swers, Michele L. The Difference Women Make: The Policy Impact of Women in Congress Chicago: University of Chicago Press 200 pp., $45.00 cloth, $16.00 paper ISBN 0-226-78647-1 cloth ISBN 0-226-78649-8 paper Publication Date: October 2002

Brady, David W., and Mathew D. McCubbins, eds. Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress: New Perspectives on the History of Congress Stanford: Stanford University Press 549 pp., $29.95, ISBN 0-8047-4571-4 Publication Date: September 2002

Segal, Jeffrey A., and Harold J. Spaeth The Supreme Court and the Attitudinal Model Revisited New York: Cambridge University Press 459 pp., $70.00 cloth, $25.00 paper ISBN 0-521-78351-8 cloth ISBN 0-521-78971-0 paper Publication Date: September 2002

Bonnicksen, Andrea L. Crafting a Cloning Policy: From Dolly to Stem Cells Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press 232 pp., $39.95 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 0-87840-370-1 cloth ISBN 0-87840-371-X paper Publication Date: August 2002

Nelson, Candice J., David A. Dulio, and Stephen K. Medvic, eds. Shades of Gray: Perspectives on Campaign Ethics Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press 262 pp., $46.95 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-8157-0618-9 cloth ISBN 0-8157-0617-0 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Hendrickson, Ryan C. The Clinton Wars: The Constitution, Congress, and War Powers Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press 240 pp., $49.95 cloth, $24.95 paper ISBN 0-8265-1413-8 cloth ISBN 0-8265-1414-6 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Siplon, Patricia D. AIDS and the Policy Struggle in the United States Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press 176 pp., $39.95 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 0-87840-377-9 cloth ISBN 0-520-20254-6 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Stiehm, Judith Hicks The U.S. Army War College: Military Education in a Democracy Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press 272 pp., $69.50 cloth, $22.95 paper ISBN 1-56639-959-9 cloth ISBN 1-56639-960-2 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Tusmith, Bonnie, and Maureen T. Reddy, eds. Race in the College Classroom: Pedagogy and Politics New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press 336 pp., $60.00 cloth, $22.00 paper ISBN 0-8135-3108-X cloth ISBN 0-8135-3109-8 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Miller-Adams, Michelle Owning Up: Poverty, Assets, and the American Dream Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press 224 pp., $18.95, ISBN 0-8157-0619-7 Publication Date: July 2002

Rubin, Richard Confederacy of Silence: A True Tale of the New Old South New York: Atria Books 438 pp., $26.00 cloth, $15.00 paper ISBN 0-671-03666-1 cloth ISBN 0-671-03-667-X paper Publication Date: July 2002

Cooper, Phillip J. By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action Lawrence: University Press of Kansas 301 pp., $39.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-1179-7 cloth ISBN 0-7006-1180-0 paper Publication Date: June 2002

Weizer, Paul I. Sexual Harassment: Cases, Case Studies, and Commentary, Vol. 12 New York: Peter Lang Publishing 352 pp., $27.95, ISBN 0-8204-5261-0 Publication Date: June 2002

Adler, E. Scott Why Congressional Reforms Fail: Re-election and the House Committee System Chicago: University of Chicago Press 263 pp., $55.00 cloth, $19.00 paper ISBN 0-226-00755-3 cloth ISBN 0-226-00756-1 paper Publication Date: May 2002

Hamburger, Philip Separation of Church and State Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 514 pp., $49.95, ISBN 0-674-00734-4 Publication Date: May 2002

Squires, Gregory D., ed. Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press 364 pp., $32.50, ISBN 0-87766-709-8 Publication Date: April 2002

Robinson, Randall N. The Reckoning: What Blacks Owe to Each Other New York: E. P. Dutton 290 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-525-94625-X Publication Date: January 2002

Lerner, Mitchell B. The Pueblo Incident: A Spy Ship and the Failure of American Foreign Policy Lawrence: University Press of Kansas 320 pp., $34.95, ISBN 0-7006-1171-1 Publication Date: May 2002

Cohen, Warren I. The Asian American Century Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 150 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-674-00765-4 Publication Date: March 2002

Lawson, Chappell H. Building the Fourth Estate: Democratization and the Rise of a Free Press in Mexico Berkeley: University of California Press 287 pp., $19.95, ISBN 0-520-23171-6 Publication Date: August 2002

Camp, Roderic Ai Mexico's Mandarins: Crafting a Power Elite for the Twenty-First Century Berkeley: University of California Press 319 pp., $54.95 cloth, $21.95 paper ISBN 0-520-23343-3 cloth ISBN 0-520-23344-1 paper Publication Date: August 2002

Ivanov, Igor S. The New Russian Diplomacy: Ten Years of Moscow's Foreign Policy Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press 203 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-8157-4498-6 Publication Date: July 2002

Volkov, Vadim Violent Entrepreneurs: The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press 224 pp., $17.95, ISBN 0-801-48778-1 Publication Date: September 2002

Whiteside, Kerry H. Divided Natures: French Contributions to Political Ecology Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press 333 pp., $24.95 cloth, $16.95 paper ISBN 0-262-73147-9 cloth ISBN 0-262-73247-9 paper Publication Date: January 2002

Muel-Dreyfus, Francine Vichy and the Eternal Feminine: A Contribution to the Political Sociology of Gender Trans. Kathleen A. Johnson Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press 388 pp., $21.95, ISBN 0-8223-2774-0 Publication Date: October 2001

Hahn, Jeffrey W., ed. Regional Russia in Transition: Studies from Yaroslavl' Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press 258 pp., $45.00, ISBN 0-8018-6741-X Publication Date: June 2001

Terry, Fiona Condemned to Repeat? The Paradox of Humanitarian Action Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press 282 pp., $19.55, ISBN 0-8014-8796-X Publication Date: August 2002

Mandelbaum, Michael The Ideas That Conquered the World: Peace, Democracy, and Free Markets in the Twenty-First Century New York: Public Affairs 483 pp., $30.00, ISBN 1-58648-134-7 Publication Date: August 2002

Byman, Daniel L. Keeping the Peace: Lasting Solutions to Ethnic Conflicts Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press 280 pp., $22.95, ISBN 0-8018-6804-1 Publication Date: March 2002

Wattenberg, Martin P. Where Have All the Voters Gone? Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 200 pp., $39.95 cloth, $18.95 paper ISBN 0-674-00937-1 cloth ISBN 0-674-00938-X paper Publication Date: November 2002

Jung, Hwa Yol, ed. Comparative Political Culture in the Age of Globalization: An Introductory Anthology Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books 464 pp., $80.00 cloth, $26.95 paper ISBN 0-7391-0317-2 cloth ISBN 0-7391-0318-0 paper Publication Date: February 2002

Beissinger, Mark R., and Crawford Young, eds. Beyond State Crisis? Postcolonial Africa and Post-Soviet Eurasia in Comparative Perspective Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press 514 pp., $60.00 cloth, $24.95 paper ISBN 1-930365-07-1 cloth ISBN 1-930365-08-X paper Publication Date: May 2002

Ding, Yjiang Chinese Democracy after Tiananmen New York: Columbia University Press 173 pp., $75.00 cloth, $20.00 paper ISBN 0-774-80838-1 ISBN 0-231-12565-8 Publication Date: March 2002

Boonin, David A Defense of Abortion New York: Cambridge University Press 350 pp., $65.00 cloth, $23.00 paper ISBN 0-521-81701-3 cloth ISBN 0-521-52035-5 paper Publication Date: November 2002

Tuckness, Alex Locke and the Legislative Point of View: Toleration, Contested Principles, and the Law Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press 206 pp., $49.50 cloth, $17.95 paper ISBN 0-691-09503-5 cloth ISBN 0-691-09504-3 paper Publication Date: October 2002

Edwards, Alistair, and Jules Townshend, eds. Interpreting Modern Political Philosophy: From Machiavelli to Marx New York: Palgrave Macmillan 241 pp., $74.95 cloth, $24.95 paper ISBN 0-333-77241-5 cloth ISBN 0-333-77242-3 paper Publication Date: September 2002

Uslaner, Eric M. The Moral Foundations of Trust New York: Cambridge University Press 298 pp., $65.00 cloth, $23.00 paper ISBN 0-521-81213-5 cloth ISBN 0-521-01103-5 paper Publication Date: July 2002

Zuckert, Michael P. Launching Liberalism: On Lockean Political Philosophy Lawrence: University Press of Kansas 392 pp., $40.00 cloth, $19.95 paper ISBN 0-7006-1173-8 cloth ISBN 0-7007-1174-6 paper Publication Date: June 2002

Tessitore, Aristide, ed. Aristotle and Modern Politics: The Persistence of Political Philosophy Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press 438 pp., $32.95, ISBN 0-268-02014-0 Publication Date: April 2002

Freeberg, Ellen M. Regarding Equality: Rethinking Contemporary Theories of Citizenship, Freedom, and the Limits of Moral Pluralism Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books 145 pp., $24.95, ISBN 0-7391-0155-2 Publication Date: March 2002

Jamieson, Beth Kiyoko Real Choices: Feminism, Freedom, and the Limits of the Law University Park: Penn State University Press 259 pp., $35.00, ISBN 0-271-02136-5 Publication Date: December 2001     

Bossler,Beverly, Courtesans,Concubines, and the Cult of Female Fidelity

Employing a wealth of detailed evidence, the author of the book portrays an ambitious picture of gender relations in the roughly five centuries from late-Tang to late-Yuan. In order to make the incredibly complicated picture more organized, Bossier divides the book chronologically into three time periods, the Northern Song （with a little part touching on the late Tang）, the Southern Song, and the Yuan. Within each time period, Bossier analyzes three major categories of women---courtesans, concubines, and wives--in that sequence. Such arrangement is a clear sign of her argument： from Song to Yuan, writings on men＇s romantic relationship with courtesans gradually gave way to wives＇ fidelity and obligations, which was being applied more generally to all women, including courtesans, courtesan-concubines, and concubines. The application of wifely virtue to all women promoted the status of concubines within the family, as they were expected to behave and be treated like respectable wives. As a consequence, wives＇ authority declined, especially when sons produced by wives and concubines received equal treatment. Such a practice stressed the importance of paternal side while ignoring the maternal one, hence greatly intensified the patriline.     

辽宁铁岭市银州区辽海屯北山遗址

1993年6月,我们对辽海屯北山遗址进行了重点勘探与试掘,发现房址、窖穴、灰坑等遗迹14处,出土了一批具有特色的陶器和石器.陶器的种类有鬲、鼎、甑、甗、盆、罐、碗等,其年代约在西周时期.     

Land,Stone, Trees,Identity, Ambition: the Building Blocks of Brochs

Brochs are impressive stone roundhouses unique to Iron Age Scotland. This paper introduces a new perspective developed from architectural analysis and drawing on new survey, fieldwork and analogies from anthropology and social history. The study of architectural design and constructional detail exposes fewer competitive elements than previously anticipated. Instead, attempts to emulate, share and communicate identities can be detected. The architectural language of the broch allows complex layers of individual preferences, local and regional traditions, and supra-regional communications to be expressed in a single house design. The proposed ‘productive households’ model moves beyond ideas of competing elites at times of stress, and invites a new debate by expanding a more complex broch concept beyond the Atlantic core.