黎萨尔与菲律宾现代政治变革模式的形成

何塞.黎萨尔被认为是菲律宾"国家和个人生活的基石"。在有关黎萨尔的研究中,黎萨尔与菲律宾政治变革的途径,即经由"改革"还是"革命"来达致国家的独立、获取全民的"福利",是争论不休的一个关键问题。从黎萨尔的著作来看,黎萨尔倾向于经由菲律宾政治精英在殖民政府内部对现有不合理的旧制度进行一场彻底的、激进的"好改革"来实现菲律宾的独立和民主。如果这一条道路走不通,那么,"暴力革命"将是最后的手段。黎萨尔所强调的"精英化的好改革"的政治思想,经由美国殖民政府的渲染,最终构成为菲律宾现代政治变革的基本模式——旧框架内的和平革命。     

胡安国政治思想及其实践略论

胡安国是两宋之际名的经学家、理学家,其政治思想和学术思想相互影响、相辅相成。他一生不畏权贵．个性鲜明。其政治思想多秉承春秋大义,主张尊王攘夷、尊君抑臣;反对对金和议,关心国家命运;反对朋党,主张树立正常的用人风气;与秦桧一度关系密切,但贤奸迥异,本质不同。     

论蒙古鹿石的年代及相关问题

The Deer Stone is an important cultural remain which is scattered a lot in Mongolia, Mainly in the west and northwest areas. It is also found in the Eurasian grasslands but very little in quantity. as for its age, there exist many different views for a long time. Actually the Deer stone displays a way of personification of stone statue, so we usually can find carved weapons and tools on the waist of it. Nevertheless, we can deduce the age according to these carvings. Archaeological discoveries in the northern-grasslands of China show that the carvings on Deer stone are all the typical vessels that were very popular in the late Shang period. Such as the beast-headed or bell-headed short sword with curved handle, the beast-headed sword with upright blade dagger, the ring-headed or double ring-headed short sword, the mushroom-headed short sword, the tub-shaped htchet, the arrow-shaped vessels and etc. Thus lead us to the conclustion that most of the Deer Stones must be of the late Bronze Age(11-7BC).As for the Deer stone culture‘s Similarity in some aspects to that of cultures like Lijiaya, Weiyingzi, third phase of Weifang culture or Xiajiadian culture in the north parts of China, that reflects the northern grasslands bronze culture of China left a strong influence on the cultures of Mongolia.     

从修复、制作等传统工艺谈青铜器鉴定

本文力求从不同于文博界考古界及从事现代科学仪器鉴定的科研人员的另一视角,也就是从古代青铜器的制作工艺、修复工艺的角度来看青铜器的鉴定,介绍了古代青铜器的制作工艺,现代青铜器的制作工艺,现代科学仪器及传统修复工艺鉴定青铜器的方法,从它们各自的比较等方面阐述青铜器的真伪,得出从修复、制作工艺入手,也是鉴定青铜器的一个方法的结论。     

Of Ships and Deer: early Western Mediterranean ship graffiti reappraised

Re‐analysis of the Hal Tarxien prehistoric ship graffiti, the incised figure on a pottery sherd, from the Neolithic site of Grapceva cave on a Croatian island, known as the ‘Hvar boat’, and the Villanovian‐Etruscan bronze razor from Bologna allow the last two to be reinterpreted as animals rather than ships, and the first to be dated to the Bronze Age Cemetery phase of the site. These findings require the earliest ship graffiti in the western Mediterranean to be reconsidered.     

Animal palaeopathology: Possibilities and problems

A brief account of the range of pathological disorders affecting the skeleton and certain other tissues of animals (mainly mammals) is given to indicate a broad picture of the sort of lesions which might be encountered in archaeological contexts.Though palaeopathological bone specimens have been described since the 18th century, it is only recently that an interest in archaeozoological material has encouraged the tentative interpretation of such specimens. Despite the pessimism of some workers in the field, it has been shown that this material does persist in archaeological samples, and that while diagnosis is not always clear cut, some of the spectrum of bone changes induced by disease processes has been documented.As early as 4000 years ago an awareness of some of these diseases was recorded, with several early societies adopting preventive and therapeutic measures to deal with them. As advanced human communities came into more intimate contact with animals, transmission of infectious diseases was facilitated. Husbandry practices, too, are seen to be directly related to the incidence of certain conditions, the occurrence of which in archaeological material can yield an insight into animal keeping.Diverse data of archaeological significance is, in fact, retrievable not only from osteological remains, but from organic material which may be preserved under certain conditions. The impact of animal disease is far-reaching, with important implications not only for the economy but also for human health.     

浅析中世纪西欧不平等与奴役的观念

在中世纪西欧 ,存在着形形色色的不平等与奴役的观念。本文集中探讨了一般的社会等级观念、社会歧视观念、容忍奴役制度的观念和对异族和异教的歧视观念。     

试析清代东北养息牧牧场的变迁及影响

养息牧牧场是清王朝设在东北柳条边外的惟一皇家牧场,畜养大量的牛羊马,不仅供应盛京三陵祭祀之用和补给八旗官马之需,而且部分产品成为清皇室的贡品.这座几乎伴随清王朝始终的皇家牧场,它的设立、发展、试垦、续垦和放垦演绎了养息牧牧场恢复、繁盛、衰落和消失的全过程.     

Keith Muckelroy: Methods, Ideas and Maritime Archaeology

Between his graduation from the Department of Archaeology at Cambridge University in 1974 and his death in 1980, Keith Muckelroy’s work and ideology were crucial in promoting an alternative research methodology in maritime archaeology. Instead of a particularist or historiographic approach, methods prominent both then and now, Muckelroy’s methodology was grounded in the foundations of the prehistoric archaeology he learned under Grahame Clark and David Clarke at Cambridge, and the basic tenets of New Archaeology maturing in the United States during the 1970s. This paper, which elucidates Muckelroy’s methods and research, is neither a complete biography nor an exhaustive study of his ideas. Although unpublished letters, papers and notes were studied in archives at Cambridge University and the National Maritime Museum, there is still much more to be learned from many of his former colleagues and their memories—only a handful of those individuals were consulted during the creation of this work. Nevertheless, this paper was written in the hope that by understanding Muckelroy’s ideas, and placing them in the larger framework of the discipline of archaeology, maritime archaeologists who are attempting to pursue a variety of approaches may find inspirations, models and, perhaps, questions that still need to be answered.     

积累·自觉·创新--读张晋藩先生的《中国近代社会与法制文明》

新近出版的张晋藩先生的《中国近代社会与法制文明》一书对中国近代法律的演变、移植、改革、转型和中华法系、中华法制文明的更新与再造等问题,从实证研究和理论分析的层面进行了全面、系统和深入的探讨。限于篇幅,形成本文的仅是笔者最主要的感受,即该书所体现的充分的学术积累、深刻的学术自觉和可贵的学术创新风格。     

Animal Genetics and African Archaeology: Why It Matters

This article introduces the special issue of African Archaeological Review on the relevance of African livestock genetics to archaeology on the continent. It shows how modern and ancient animal genetic research in Eurasia has substantially revised archaeological scenarios for the origins and spread of food production there. It argues that, in contrast to colleagues in Europe and Asia, Africanist archaeologists have generally been slow to engage in truly collaborative research with archaeogeneticists, with some notable exceptions. It builds a case that animal introductions and domestication are as much social, cultural, and economic processes as they are ecological in nature. Through examples, it outlines some profound selective effects that animal keeping has had on humans themselves. Building on the concepts of taste and embodied practice in Stahl’s (2002) discussion of artifacts and differently scaled encounters with non-local commerce, it develops suggestions for archaeologically studying genetically distinctive domestic animals as part of local and long-distance economic systems. Finally, it comments on the issue’s review articles and offers suggestions for ways to encourage stronger collaboration between archaeologists and genetic researchers.     

灵井遗址动物群埋藏学研究方法与思路

灵井遗址是国内首次发掘的以泉水湖泊沉积为中心的旧石器时代遗址,从2005年至今一直进行野外发掘,出土有大量旧石器时代的动物化石和石制品,本文的内容是遗址动物群埋藏学研究的方法和思路,并通过本文模式的研究,以期待能够在静态的物质遗存中发现动态的人类行为的线索,从人与环境的相互关系中,认识人类进化和行为演化乃至技术进步的动因.     

祈孕≠祈子说--兼及民众的生育观

传统生育习俗作为民俗文化的重要内容,历来受到学人的关注。在中国民俗学史上,也就不乏调查、研究这一习俗的专门成果。最近,出于写作的需要,翻阅了不少这方面的资料。无庸置疑,这些成果给了笔者许多有益的启发,但是笔者也不无遗憾地发现,许多成果在涉及祈求怀孕习俗之时,