陕西省蒲城县马坡遗址H1发掘简报

马坡遗址位于蒲城县罕井镇境内洛河支流白水河南岸的山梁上,陕西省考古研究院对H1进行了发掘,出土了一批重要遗物。出土陶器有罐、釜、盆、斝、盂、豆、鼎等,其中以为罐、釜、盆、斝主要组合,这一陶器组合不同于垣曲古城东关遗址中庙底沟二期文化罐、盆、鼎、釜灶、斝的组合,也不同于案板三期的陶器组合,体现出独特的文化面貌,应为庙底沟二期文化的一个地方变体。     

松嫩流域新石器时代遗址文化类型

松嫩流域新石器时代遗址被广泛挖掘,其文化类型各异。其中包括昂昂溪文化、靶山类型以及小拉哈文化等等。在这些文化遗址中,其层位关系较为明确。对不同的遗址进行探讨和分析,可以对不同的文化内涵产生不同的了解。本文主要对松嫩流域新石器时代遗址的三种文化类型进行展开分析,希望能够给相关的考古研究人员提供相应的借鉴和参考。     

试论崧泽文化分期

崧泽文化是以上海青浦区崧泽遗址的墓葬遗存为其典型特征的新石器时代晚期文化, 其遗址主要分布在长江以南的太湖流域。本文通过对崧泽文化的类型学分析,对崧泽文化分布区内的自然环境的不同以及遗址的集中分布情况,将崧泽文化区分为四个小的文化区域, 初步确立了崧泽文化的时空框架。今后拟以此为基础,对崧泽文化中发现的文化现象进行进一步的研究。     

试论垣曲古城东关庙底沟二期文化

试论垣曲古城东关庙底沟二期文化张素琳（中国历史博物馆）庙底沟二期文化主要分布在黄河流域晋豫陕地区,这里是中华远古文化的发源地之一。此文化由于首次发现于１９５６年发掘的河南陕县庙底沟遗址而得名￣①．庙底沟二期文化正处于仰韶文化和龙山文化之间,而此时正是...     

正定南杨庄新石器时代遗存再认识

南杨庄遗址是太行山东麓地区具有标尺意义的新石器时代遗址。本文在南杨庄新石器时代遗址发掘报告的基础上,以陶器为视角,参照相关的考古学文化,通过典型器物形态和组合对比分析,将南杨庄遗存划分为镇江营文化、后冈一期文化、庙底沟文化和雪山一期文化四种不同性质的遗存,共分为四期8段,并对各期文化的谱系关系及相关问题进行了讨论。     

内蒙古高原南缘新石器时代中期文化遗存初步认识

2010年以来,在内蒙古高原南部相继发现了内蒙古化德裕民、四麻沟遗址、镶黄旗乃仁陶勒盖遗址、河北康保兴隆遗址、尚义四台遗址、崇礼邓槽沟梁遗址等文化遗存。其中,裕民、四麻沟、乃仁陶勒盖、兴隆文化遗存是以麻点纹圜底釜、筒形罐为代表的裕民文化,距今8600—7000年。邓槽沟梁和四台遗址是以素面大口筒形罐、小平底弧腹筒形罐为代表的四台文化,距今7740—7650年。两支考古学文化面貌独特,与周边发现的同时期考古学文化内涵明显不同,为我国北方地区新石器时代中期考古学文化研究增添了新的元素。     

雕龙碑遗址第三期遗存的性质、年代与渊源——兼论“雕龙碑三期文化”

雕龙碑遗址第三期遗存是该遗址发现的最丰富的遗存,其特征与前两期遗存明显不同。本文根据目前所发表的雕龙碑遗址第三期遗存及相关材料,就这类遗存的年代、性质、渊源等问题提出了新的认识。认为这类遗存是屈家岭文化早期流行于汉水中游和汉东地区的一种新的考古学文化,即"雕龙碑三期文化"。它是在"油子岭文化"的基础上接受了仰韶文化的影响而产生的,后被屈家岭文化所取代。     

走向文明的足迹——从大地湾遗址文化分期探究其社会形态变迁

大地湾遗址以其大规模的遗迹分布和丰富的文化遗存而蜚声国内外。学术界根据已有资料对该遗址进行了文化分期。本文以文化分期为线索,探究不同时期遗存的特点以及所体现出的社会形态。     

阳新大路铺遗址新石器时代遗存试析

大路铺遗址新石器时代遗存并非单纯属“石家河文化系统”,至少包括薛家岗文化、屈家岭文化、石家河文化三类不同性质的遗存。以大路铺遗址为代表,可以归纳出长江以南的鄂东南地区新石器时代的文化变迁经历了薛家岗文化、屈家岭文化、石家河文化三个阶段。     

庙底沟文化渊源探析

庙底沟文化的渊源长期以来众说不一 ,2 0世纪 90年代初 ,在山西省翼城的枣园遗址和北橄遗址发现的文化遗存为我们重新认识这一问题提供了充分的依据。根据我们的研究 ,枣园文化北橄遗址一至四期遗存属于同一文化系统 ,枣园文化晚期与关中地区的半坡文化早期同时 ,庙底沟文化是以晋南、豫西地区枣园文化以来的传统文化为主体 ,接受了西部半坡文化的部分先进因素而形成的 ,东庄一期是北橄遗存与半坡文化融合的产物 ,庙底沟文化是不同文化交流、碰撞、融合的结晶。     

关于赵宝沟文化的聚落形态问题

本文对赵宝沟文化的白音长汗、水泉、小山和赵宝沟四处居住址的结构进行了分析,总结和阐释了以往在赵宝沟文化聚落形态认识上的主要观点和产生分歧的原因,认为只有对赵宝沟文化居住址做全面的揭露,才能真正解决赵宝沟文化的聚落结构问题。依据现有材料初步将赵宝沟文化的聚落区分为大、中、小三个层次,应该是较为切合实际的。     

新砦聚落考古的回顾与展望——纪念新砦遗址发掘30周年

经过30年来的发掘和研究,新砦遗址在文化谱系研究、聚落形态研究、多学科合作研究等方面取得了一定成绩。二里头文化第一期不会是夏文化的上限,新砦期也不会是最早的夏文化。如果要追寻早期夏文化就必须到比新砦二期文化更早的龙山时代遗存中去寻找。在新砦遗址找到了城墙、护城河、内壕、外壕以及大型建筑。新砦遗址所在的溱洧流域自旧石器时代已经有人类居住,裴李岗文化时期已经出现较发达的农业,仰韶文化前期,聚落得到较快的发展,仰韶文化后期,聚落分化明显加剧,到了龙山时代开始出现城址,至新砦二期终于出现了都邑性质的原始城堡,二里头文化时期中心聚落似乎迁往它处,至东周时期再度繁荣。     

崧泽文化聚落形态分析

通过对典型聚落或墓地的内部布局和空间结构分析,崧泽文化早期的社会处在由平等社会向不平等社会过渡的阶段。中晚期家族私有化进一步发展,聚落之间的分化呈现出不断向等级化发展的趋势。     

新郑唐户新石器时代遗址调查

新郑唐户新石器时代遗址的仰韶文化内涵丰富,依据采集的大量陶器的器物特征,可分为早、中、晚三期,这对于解决遗址性质、区分区域类型、排列文化谱系以及今后这一带新石器时代的考古发掘与研究,都具有重要的参考价值.众多文献记载,新郑是传说中的黄帝故里,该遗址的南部传为"黄帝口",其仰韶文化遗存又十分丰富,这可能与传说时代黄帝氏族的重要中心聚落有关.     

川东南少数民族地区土司地名文化初探简

本文从川东南地名出发,运用统计学与文献学相结合的方法,论析土司制度在川东南的实行对这一地区地名命名所产生的影响,同时又以地名为导向探寻相关的土司文化遗存。     

湖北荆门市后港城河城址调查报告

荆门后港城河城址位于江汉平原西北部,地处平原向荆山余脉过渡的丘陵岗地地带,是长江中游地区发现的又一处新石器时代的古城址,也是汉水流域荆门境内继马家垸城址后发现的第二座新石器时代古城址。该城址的发现不仅丰富了长江中游早期古城址的内容,同时对研究长江中游地区这些早期城址之间的关系、探讨长江中游史前聚落考古文化提供了重要的资料。     

Harvesting molluscs in the Eneolithic: a study of freshwater bivalve accumulations from the tell settlements of Borduşani-Popină and Hârşova (Romania, 5th millennium BC)

Freshwater bivalve shells are frequently identified in faunal assemblages from Neo-Eneolithic tell settlements along the Danube River valley in South-East Romania (5th millennium BC). Up until now, significant accumulations of freshwater bivalve shells have been identified only in household refuse areas of the settlements, where they form consistent shell layers. The origin and formation of such shell accumulations and, more generally, the role of bivalves in the animal economy of the prehistoric populations that inhabited the settlements, are poorly understood. Two freshwater bivalve shell accumulations were studied in household refuse areas of Eneolithic tell settlements, one at Bordu?ani-Popin? and the other at Hâr?ova tell. The occurrence of similar accumulations in the two settlements indicates generalized practices between the two communities. This first study of such accumulations addresses the relationship between bivalves and other animal species used in alimentation by the two Eneolithic communities, as well as the relationships between these communities, their environment, and the evolution of the settlements. Bivalves were harvested in the close vicinity of the settlements and large quantities were obtained only towards the end of the summer season. During this season there is an inverse relationship between high water levels in the river and the availability of bivalves for harvesting. Bivalves played an important role in the alimentation of the prehistoric populations – at Hâr?ova tell their contribution to alimentation in terms of energetic yield surpasses that of fish, at least for the short period of time represented by the stratigraphic sequence analysed. Bivalve shells were used, along with other types of household refuse, in construction techniques aimed at limiting soil humidity in the settlements and inside the dwellings.     

Making the Desert Bloom: Hannah Arendt and Zionist Discourse

This article discusses an aspect of Hannah Arendt’s treatment of the conflict between the Zionists and the Palestinians that has thus far been overlooked in scholarship: her justification of Zionism through the achievements of the Jewish pioneers in cultivating the land, in contrast to the Palestinians’ failure to do so. The inability of natives to cultivate their land was a familiar argument in the history of colonialism, used to legitimize the colonialists’ right to settle a land and often to displace the natives. How should we understand Arendt’s use of this argument? I show that Arendt’s argument should be understood in the context of, first, the recurrence of this argument in Western political thought and practices. Second, the Zionists’—Arendt included—need of legitimizing Jewish settlements in Palestine. And third, the influence of Arendt’s own political philosophy on her understanding of culture in general, and Palestinian culture in particular.     

The maritime landscape of Kilwa Kisiwani and its region,Tanzania, 11th to 15th century AD

East African coastal archaeological research has traditionally concentrated on the stone towns. In contrast, this study adopts a maritime cultural landscape approach by examining one of those towns, Kilwa, in its wider setting towards the peak of its economic success. Using archaeological evidence derived from coastal and inter-tidal survey and excavation, it identifies the environmental advantages of Kilwa′s estuarine location and resources that are exploited by a series of settlements providing marine produce and construction materials. The maritime approaches to the town also provide the context for a cultural display of religious allegiance and power through the symbolism of conspicuously sited mosques and a more perplexing series of causeways. Knowledge of the wider integrated coastal environment is seen as key to understanding the culture and economy of the region.     

The gravity model: monitoring the formation and development of the Tripolye culture giant-settlements in Ukraine

The formation, development and decline of the Tripolye culture giant-settlements in Chalcolitic Ukraine are strictly linked to complex processes of migration and settlement relocation. Despite being traceable through pottery typological analyses linked to contextual seriations, their identification is sometime not obvious. This paper shows how the application of the ‘gravity model’ not only facilitates their recognition, but it also helps increase the reliability of determining diachronic and/or synchronic occupations, shedding at the same time light upon the crucial ‘internal’ development of single settlements. Instead of clear-cut consecutive occupations, a more gradual settlement rotation with some synchronous phases seems to have prevailed.