RESEARCH IN PROGRESS IN SCANDINAVIA

The authors quantitatively analyze the effect of railroad construction on agricultural land values in the often overlooked, agriculturally oriented, trans-Mississippi West. This region is unique in American history in that, at the end of the nineteenth century, the railroad itself preceded widespread settlement. Using a hedonic model, they show that railroad transport increased agricultural land values in this region by more than 20 percent, which had a larger impact than recent studies have found for other regions. Moreover, the authors found that the addition of a railroad to a county significantly increased its growth in land values. This finding is contrary to that of existing studies. Finally, the authors show statistically that the railroad and land values were not endogenously determined, lending credibility to the causality of the results presented in their hedonic and growth models. These results indicate a valuable alternative approach to use in the historical analysis of transportation infrastructure and its impact on land prices.     

ARMED REBELLION IN TIBET IN 1959

InJuly1957,thereactionary"fourriversandsixmountainranges"movementdemandedthe14thDalaiLamaexerciseruleoverallTibetanareasinChina.Rightatterthat,ringleadersofthemovementgatheredinZhegutang,Shannan,organizingrebeltroopscalledthe"religionprotectionarmy"whichstagedharassingactivitiesinareasoutsideLhasa.InDecember1958,therebelarmyseizedallweaponsandmunitionsinNamlingandplottedtomovethe14thDalaiLamatoanewareaandchallengethePLAtroopsStationedinLhasa.OnMarch10,1959,takingadvantageofthe14thDalai…     

INEQUALITIES IN CHILD MORTALITY IN INDIA

This paper measures the degree of inequality in child mortality rates across districts in India using data from the 1981, 1991 and 2001 Indian population censuses. Results show that child mortality is more concentrated in less developed districts in all three census years. Furthermore, between 1981 and 2001, the inequality in child mortality seems to have increased to the advantage of the more developed districts. In the decomposition analysis, it is found that while a more equitable distribution of medical facilities and safe drinking water across districts has contributed to reducing inequality in child mortality between 1981 and 1991, different levels of structural change among districts have been responsible for a very large part of the inequality in child mortality to the advantage of the more developed districts in all three census years. The paper concludes with some brief comments on the policy implications of the findings.     

BATHING IN MANGPU HOT SPRING IN LHATSE

Lhastse County in Shigatse Prefecture is well-known by multiple names such as the “North Entrance of theQ omolangma,““Food Grains Storage,““Hometown of Tibetan Knives,““Hometown of Dorxic (a kind of Tibetan music)“ and also “the Way to Pilgrim“. “Lhastse“, in Tibetan, refers to the “Summit of Manitou“. Int he secular world, it is called “Laxog“ meaning “the holy place where the sunlight first touches“ Naturally, some scholars prefer to dub “Lhastse“ as“a place suffering from drought“.     

试论经济地理学的研究创新

本文受相关学科的研究启发,并根据作者从事经济地理学的学习和研究体会,提出关于经济地理学研究创新的六点建议:建好基础数据,创新研究方法,激励思维创新,营造创新环境,培养扎实的学风,选择特殊的研究对象。     

SUBURBANIZATION IN COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION: DESTINATIONS OF SUBURBANIZERS IN THE TALLINN METROPOLITAN AREA

Suburbanization is one of the key phenomena of spatial population change in many countries in transition. Yet we know surprisingly little about the population carrying out the post‐socialist suburbanization process. The objective of this article is to improve on this situation by studying the Tallinn metropolis in Estonia. Our analysis, which covers the inter‐censal period 1989 to 2000, focuses on the differences between population subgroups with respect to their probabilities to move to the suburbs. As such, it also clarifies choices of destination by dwelling and municipality type. For the analysis, we use individual anonymous 2000 census data and logistic regression. The results indicate that suburbanization was a socially polarizing process during this period. People with low social status had the highest probability to sub‐urbanize, and mainly occupied the pre‐existing housing stock. Conversely, people with high social status were less likely to move into suburban areas, yet when they did they moved to the most attractive destinations in the suburbs (new single‐family houses, coastal municipalities and municipalities closer to the city).     

HYPOCAUST HEATING IN DOMESTIC ROOMS IN ROMAN BRITAIN

The development of hypocausts heating domestic rooms is traced from the late first to the later third century. A category of hypocausta sited adjacent to major rooms and heating them indirectly is referred to in letters of the Younger Pliny and is identified in Romano-British house plans of the first and second century. The function of domestic rooms with hypocausts and of other rooms in a limited number of houses is discussed.     

-CHINA GUANGCAI PROGRAM IN TIBET HELD IN LHASA

The activity of China Guangcai Program in Tibet, jointly organized by China Guangcai Society and the government of Tibet Autonomous Region, was held in Lhasa from August 4 to 5, 2013. More than 600 enterprises from 30 provinces all over the country took part in the activity. o During the activity, 229 contracts were signed with a total investment of 361.31 billion Yuan. China Guangcai Founda tion donated 18 million Yuan for the construction of Senior＇s House in Chushur County. China Minsheng Bank donated 40 million Yuan in the next four years for the treatment of children with congenital heart disease in Tibet. Qizheng Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd donated 11 million Yuan to build a cultural institute in Lhundrup County and two Tibetan clinics respectively in Nagqu and Nyingchi.     

SPATIAL ADJUSTMENTS IN GRAIN PRODUCTION IN LATE TSARIST RUSSIA

The late nineteenth century world grain market expanded as prices declined and trade increased. As competition increased, Russian producers adapted to market conditions. Russian grain output increased, first by the extension of arable southward and eastward and later as a result of land reform. Analysis of grain output data using information statistics demonstrated dispersed patterns of production from 1885 to 1909. Among individual grain types, rye and oats displayed dispersed output patterns, while wheat and barley output became more concentrated. Changes in these patterns are evidence of adaptation to world market conditions and changes in Russia's socioeconomic system.     

中国农村工业结构变化的省际差异分析

本文应用结构变化指数和专业化指数,定量分析了全国各省、市、区1986至1991年农村工业结构变化的差异、专业化差异及两者关系的差异,并根据各地专业化部门的变化趋势,对农村工业结构政策提出若干建议。