ADENA MORTUARY PATTERNS IN CENTRAL OHIO

Abstract

This study examines how the Adena mortuary program was practiced in the upper Scioto Valley in central Ohio. In the Alum Lake area of the valley, Adena mortuary rituals consisted of a relatively homogeneous and stable program of secondary cremation burials. By contrast, mortuary rituals in the Columbus area were highly variable in their treatment and placement of the bodies and artifacts. To interpret this pattern, I suggest that groups may have more heterogeneous ritual patterns when their ritual leaders have frequent contact with other people and ideas. Conversely, smaller and more isolated groups may more closely approach an ideal of ritual stability since the interpretations of their ritual leaders will not be challenged and influenced by outside groups. Finally, I consider some of the broad implications of the study for Adena sites throughout the Ohio Valley.     

NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN CENTRAL GERMANY

Summary. This paper investigates the changes in settlement patterns characteristic of early agricultural groups in the Middle Elbe/Saale region (DDR) from the fifth to the beginning of the second millennium bc. It uses the outstanding quantity of information available from this region on the distribution of prehistoric sites to describe the structure of settlement and to define the main contrasts over this period.     

A CONTEXTUAL THEORY OF RETAIL CENTRAL PLACES ON A LINEAR MARKET*

ABSTRACT. This paper presents an initial version of a new theory of central places for retailing activities. Confined to a linear market and using the Contextual Theory of Demand to model consumer behavior, the model extends the economic theory of central places (Eaton and Lipsey, 1982). In its present form, the model specifies four parameters that control the spatial relationship between the locations of households and the equilibrium locations of central places: expenditure shares in consumption, transportation cost functions, storage costs by commodity, and capital costs of retailers. The locational equilibria of the model are optima when all costs are considered.     

20世纪90年代江苏省中心城市的增长模式和集聚扩散特征研究

本文计算评价了江苏省地区级中心城市的中心性,并利用重力模型划分主要中心城市腹地范围,通过分析人口密度函数的变化探讨了20世纪90年代江苏省中心城市的增长模式和集聚扩散特征。江苏省中心城市增长模式和集聚扩散特征存在南北差异。     

跨地区生计视角下流动人口在流出地住房投资行为的时空特征

基于流动人口流入地福建省的问卷调查数据与流出地河南、安徽两省的调研资料,采用生存分析方法、空间可视化与质性研究方法,探讨流动人口在流出地住房投资行为的时空特征和规律。研究发现：流动人口在流出地村庄内建房或在县城（镇）内购房是一较为普遍的现象,建房率明显大于购房率,且存在较为明显的住房闲置现象;在时间特征上,2005年以前的住房投资行为较少,而2005年以来渐多,购房比建房需经历更长的时间跨度,特定时期内的住房政策能推动流出地的住房投资行为;在空间特征上,流出地的住房投资行为存在区位优化选择倾向,且建房的跨地区生计走廊数量多于购房。最后,基于上述的研究结论,提出相关政策启示。     

STABLE ECONOMIC AGGLOMERATION PATTERNS IN TWO DIMENSIONS: BEYOND THE SCOPE OF CENTRAL PLACE THEORY

This paper elucidates which agglomeration patterns exist in two‐dimensional economic space and how such patterns appear stably. Hexagonal lattices, that with and that without a boundary, are advanced, respectively, as practical and theoretical spatial platforms of economic activities. Agglomeration patterns on these lattices include hexagons in central place theory, but also encompass megalopolis and racetrack‐shaped decentralization. As the transport cost decreases, stable economic agglomeration undergoes the formation of the smallest hexagon and transition to patterns with larger market areas, often undergoing downtown decay but finally leading to a megalopolis. Formulas for break points are provided in an economic geography model.     

行摄在别处

<正>敏感于哪里有好景致,除了暴走的"驴友",就是摄影人了。其实现在很多人已经身兼这两种身份。这些旅游摄影人对美的嗅觉,像雷达之于飞行物,向日葵之于阳光。     

HIDDEN SHOPPING PLACES IN HK

手包,中古买取 某电视台某节目的街头访问,当被访女士衡量男人有几爱自己或关系有几深厚时,道：”男友很爱我,他买两个LV给我。” LV、TOD’s、Prada、Dior、Chole是不少香港女性的随身写照。衣服可以是Giordano Ladies,但手袋皮具总至少要个Gucci,以满足个人的虚荣物欲。     

A SPATIO‐TEMPORAL KERNEL METHOD FOR MAPPING CHANGES IN PREHISTORIC LAND‐USE PATTERNS

Archaeologists are accustomed to considering both the spatial distributions of sites and the temporal distributions of dates as means of analysing the dynamics of prehistoric societies. However, spatial and temporal approaches have thus far remained largely separate, rather than being combined within a single, unified framework. A formal methodology is outlined that combines univariate kernel density estimation based on radiocarbon dates with bivariate kernel density estimation based on spatial site coordinates; the approach allows archaeologists to arrive at reconstructed land‐use distributions through time that not only correct for the problematic issue of site contemporaneity, but also reflect the continuous nature of the archaeological record. The model is implemented using as a data set a series of sites from the Mesolithic of Atlantic Iberia; the results demonstrate that it is capable of providing key insights into changing patterns of land use that are not apparent from either the temporal or the spatial perspective alone.     

THE USE OF ANALYTICAL METHODS OF MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS FOR IDENTIFYING RURAL PLACES WITH GROWTH PROSPECTS: (with particular reference to Kaliningrad Oblast)

One of the key objectives in the rural development program for the Nonchernozem Zone of the RSFSR is the consolidation of rural settlement in larger places. An example of the dispersed settlement pattern is Kaliningrad Oblast, which has a total of 1,527 rural places ranging from fewer than 5 to more than 2,000 inhabitants, with a total rural population of 195,529 (1970 census). The author shows that growth prospects are dependent on a combination of five factors—geographical setting and level of development; population; fixed assets in agriculture; nonfarm fixed assets; availability of services—and, using correlation analysis, identifies 283 places with prospects of future growth, ranging from 32 in the 51–100 size class to one of more than 2,000 population. The preservation of some small rural places is termed inevitable because many serve as outlying settlements for livestock subdivisions of collective and state farms, and dairy and beef cattle represents a characteristic type of farming in Kaliningrad Oblast.