NETWORK EQUILIBRIUM MODELS OF URBAN LOCATION AND TRAVEL CHOICES: A RETROSPECTIVE SURVEY*

ABSTRACT The origins and development of the network equilibrium problem are traced and interrelated. Two principal formulations are considered the network equilibrium problem with variable travel demand, and the combined model of trip distribution and traffic assignment. The relation of these models to subsequent developments concerning mode choice, residential location, estimation of origin-destination tables from link flows and stochastic route choice are then reviewed.     

CAPITALIZATION OF URBAN TRAVEL IMPROVEMENTS INTO RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE: SIMULATIONS WITH A UNIFIED MODEL OF HOUSING,TRAVEL MODE AND SHOPPING CHOICES*

ABSTRACT. An equilibrium model of multimodal travel time improvements is developed and calibrated for the New York Metropolitan Area. The model employs a unified treatment of housing type, residential location and commuting mode choices with shopping (destination, frequency and mode) choices. Benefits of halving subway headways are reflected in consumer surplus and capitalized into producer surplus, with the latter divided between housing and commercial real estate. Sensitivity tests and simulations on other modes are also presented. Unlike the subway mode, across-the-board travel time improvements for bus, auto and commuter rail reduce central area housing rents, but auto improvements yield higher total benefits and increases in commercial rents.     

无处不在的旅行

<正>秋天的风吹凉烈日,屋顶好像一下子高了,呼吸舒畅,旅行的念头和脚步缤纷起来。当特立独行成了最大的俗套,人们开始追求平衡融合的生活方式。用1个小时     

旅行中找回童心

<正>我喜欢鸟,喜欢拍摄。有一天,当这两个爱好契合在了一起,我便乐此不疲地在湿地、树林、小溪边寻找鸟儿的身影,像孩童一样融入鸟儿的生活。这时,我常常觉得自己像鸟儿一样自由快乐。     

跟着建筑去旅行

<正>世上有了人类,便有了建筑。穿越历史而来的建筑,有些仍然存世,有些已沦为废墟。依然挺立的建筑渗透出沧桑感,毁掉的建筑更从记载或废墟中传唱出阵阵悲歌。这其中,建筑度过了怎样的荣辱历程,人类又经历了怎样的精神变迁和磨砺,建筑的状态本身就是一个见证。     

司机师傅,请载我去黔东南最原始的苗寨

<正>听完了风土人情后,我问司机:"司机师傅,您能带我去黔东南最原始的苗寨吗?"好啊,那就去我老家雷公山的毛坪村……"随着生活水平的提高,人们也越来越注重生活质量,工作之余,也会去风景秀丽的地方旅游,我也曾领略过很多名山大川的秀丽风景,诸如黄山、嵩山、九寨沟等等,我都被这些浑然天成     

CENTRALIZATION AND URBAN SERVICES: THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE

The effect on the distribution of urban services of the “geographical fragmentation” of American metropolitan areas into many local government jurisdictions, each with important service responsibilities, is often overlooked. Comparison with Australia, where services are generally administered and financed at the State level, is instructive. Australian centralism tends to have an equalizing effect, largely due to bureaucratic patterns of service delivery, but has also produced both an insensitivity to specialized local factors and an “organizational fragmentation.” Developments in the 1970s suggest improvements in these areas of deficiency.     

城市职能演变的回顾与展望

全球化是当前世界发展的主流,全球化对城市的发展已经产生了深远的影响,一方面生产要素在城市之间的流动加强。另一方面城市主导权力扩大。加剧了城市之间的竞争。由此带来城市产业结构和产业布局的变化,促进了城市化、郊区化、绅士化等的发展。在此背景之下,全球城市在人类社会发展中的职能不断演变。其基本趋势是由生产性职能转向服务性职能。并且这种演变会伴随着全球信息化的发展逐步由多元服务向单一的人居服务发展。本在对全球城市职能演变简单回顾的基础上。根据全球化发展的趋势。探讨了全球化对城市职能演变的影响,并预测未来城市职能的变化趋势。     

新旅行的意义

<正>新年,一个新的开篇,从这一刻起,一场新的旅行又开始了。记得有位旅行作家说过,你最爱的地方就是你曾经到过的地方。因为走过了这些地方,你便与它们有了关联,分享了那里的生活,那里的喜怒哀乐,并且从此对那个地方生出了一份关爱。当习惯了熟悉的地方,你会自然而然对这里有了依赖,依赖熟悉的场景,依赖每一个亲近的人。     

莫振:“超人”眼中的世界

<正>主持人语:说莫振是"超人",是因为他在很年轻的时候做部队的侦察工作,拥有超凡的行动力和一双洞察事物的眼睛。因为业务的需要学习摄影,到爱上摄影,他一直在