庞卓恒先生的历史比较研究理论和实践

庞卓恒先生是我国著名历史学家,也是我国历史比较研究领域的代表人物之一。自20世纪80年代以来,他在历史比较研究理论与实践两方面进行了深入的探索,发表了大量的著述。历史比较研究的历史观与方法论、中西封建社会比较研究的理论与实践和中西历史文化比较研究的理论与实践,是他在历史比较研究领域重点探讨的几个方面。他的论著在二十多年来我国历史比较研究的发展历程中产生了广泛的影响。     

论党组织中权力与权利的关系

政党组织中权力与权利不同于一般意义上的权力与权利,因此＂权力本位论＂虽不足取,但也不能将＂权利本位论＂简单地套用于政党组织。不过,为了有效制约党组织中的权力,防止权力的异化和滥用,必须保持权力与权利的基本平衡。为此,中国共产党自成立以来,不断调整权力与权利的关系,但由于观念和制度等方面的原因,目前仍存在着一些不平衡,且造成了多方面的负面影响,因此必须解放思想,创新制度,逐步降低权力重心,以不断优化党内权力结构。     

Development Thinking—Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice

Theoretically, Development Studies has been claimed to be moving out of its previous impasse. However, its policy implication has traditionally been rather weak, and on this account no large improvements are presently visible. A strong call for relevancy has emerged in the middle of the 1990s, from the same writers who claim that we are now moving beyond the impasse in development theory. Somehow this opens up a niche for development geography, if its strong background in field work can be combined in a dialogue based on theoretical issues. This paper illustrates how the teaching of development in the field can bring up new issues, to be discussed thoroughly within some kind of a dialectical dialogue. The teaching of development finds itself trapped in a controversy, that could be termed as a development crisis. However, existing contradictions in the debate can nurture the more intense probing into the nature of development. Combined with field work experience, this paves the way for a dialogue in which many of the axiomatic truths are turned upside-down. Matters—such as the conflict between modernization and traditional values, the meaning of development, and the role of various actors in the development process—are all focused in an intensive discussion.     

逻辑思维训练教学实践与理论探讨

逻辑学的知识,不是作为教学的最终目的,而是作为明确思维与提高思维能力的知识型工具。思维创新是逻辑教学首先要完成的任务。我们要在思维的逻辑建构中探讨哪些结构性因素障碍了创新,并探讨建立起这种具有创新功能的新的逻辑结构,探讨进行创新思维训练的教学方法。     

The Theory of Enchantment and the Enchantment of Theory: the Art of Alfred Gell

ABSTRACT Gell's Art and Agency that aimed to articulate the first anthropological theory of art has achieved a near‐cult status among the academic community. Departing from previous semiological and aesthetic approaches, this theory takes it that art is a form of instrumental action, the canonical efficacy of which lies in its power to function as a cognitive trap and to captivate the spectator's mind. In this article it is argued that Gell's theory is not as novel as it is claimed; that it fails to define the specific field of art; and that by excluding the aesthetic properties of art objects, it discards ethnographical data nonetheless necessary for understanding the agency of art in Melanesian local cultures. At a meta‐level, Gell assigned to his theory the same captivating purpose as he did to art, and this probably explains the seductive fascination that his work continues to exert.     

孙中山与道德实践精神三层次

孙中山的道德实践精神乃中国传统道德精神的延续与发展。其主要内涵涉及重“行”思想、内在实践与外在实践三方面。所谓重“行”思想包括源于现实的冷峻思考、积极改造传统落后心理与阐发自己的“知行”说;而内在实践涵盖注重良心、知耻、立志、修身与宣誓等以改良与培育近代人格;至于外在实践具体表现为秉持理性反对盲动、积极塑造近代理想人格救国、实践三民主义追求大同理想、革命建设次递推进、藉整顿党务重振伟业等。     

新世纪以来中国推动国际关系民主化的理论与实践

国际关系民主化思想是新世纪以来中国共产党根据冷战后国际形势的发展变化,从维护中国人民和世界各国人民的根本利益出发而提出的一项国际关系新主张,是中国共产党在外交战略思想上的一项重要创新和理论建树。在这一思想指导下,中国积极推动世界多极化的发展;推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序;恪守公认的国际法和国际关系基本准则,推动联合国在国际事务中发挥中心作用;反对一切形式的霸权主义和强权政治;加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作;大力倡导多边主义,积极开展多边外交,为维护世界和平、促进共同发展做出了积极的贡献。     

Red Tory: How Left and Right Have Broken Britain and How We Can Fix It

Abstract

Responding to my generous critics, I attempt to clarify my view of reason’s responsibility and its limits, and I underline my agreement with Strauss on the insuperability of political thinking and thus the impossibility of any neat separation between theory and practice or of any trans-political doctrine of transcendence. Finally, I resist invitations to overcome tensions between vertical and horizontal transcendence and thus to go beyond responsibility to autonomy.     

钱穆的学术史方法与史识——义理、考据与辞章之辨

钱穆在中国学术文化思想史研究方面提出了许多重要思想,其中,关于义理、考据和辞章的思想是最核心和基本的。他从民族文化保守主义出发,吸收继承了中国学术思想史上的相关思想成果,从学(科)术分类和研究方法论两个层面对义理、考据和辞章的内涵和相互关系作了许多新的阐释。他的这些思想在中国现代学术思想史上既有重要价值,也有不少局限。     

从权利角度看毛泽东国际政治理论的思想渊源

毛泽东国际政治理论是关于国际社会弱势群体为争取和维护自身正当权利、追求国际社会正义和人类进步的一种国际政治理论。从权利的角度看,中国传统文化中的民本思想、近代西方永久和平思想与民权思想以及马克思主义国际政治思想等因素对毛泽东国际政治理论的产生有着深刻的影响。     

Status and Role of Formation Theory in Contemporary Archaeological Practice

Since Binford appropriated the term “middle-range theory,” it has signified the process of reasoning from the extant material record to the cultural past. Merton's sociological concept of middle-range theory is relevant to archaeology, but does not mean what Binford denoted by it. More accurately, Binford's domain should be called “formation theory.” By whatever name used, archaeologists differ greatly in our views of its role and status. Somehow, formation theory has come to be viewed as method but not theory, and as intrinsic to materialism, but irrelevant if not antithetical to other ontologies. Yet it is as critical to the contextual understanding of the past sought by many archaeologists today—a role that, among others, belies formation theory's marginal status in academic practice.     

北朝谱学与北朝政治

北朝谱学是北朝史学的一个重要组成部分,它较为突出地反映了史学与政治的密切关系。北朝谱学的发展从一个方面反映了北朝政治的特点和变化。反过来,谱学也成为建立门阀新秩序和门阀士族维护其各种特权的工具。北朝谱学一个很重要的特点是它与统治集团内部的政治斗争密切关联。同时,与南朝一样,北朝谱学在选官、婚姻等方面也发挥着重要作用,表现出这一时期谱学鲜明的政治倾向。     

从目录学史看《书画书录解题》在书画专科目录方面的成就

书画艺术文献是目前文献学研究领域中的薄弱环节。本文从古代艺术文献目录发生、发展角度,对出现在本世纪三十年代初中国目录学史上第一部书画专科目录学著作《书画书录解题》,从体例分类、著录思想等诸多方面加以比较分析,揭示了该书在艺术目录研究领域方面的创获与成就,并从一侧面反映了书画文献发展源流及目前所存在的问题。     

民俗的表演性:表演理论、活态传承与公共文化实践

表演理论是20世纪美国民俗学对于学界的重要贡献,其核心是"表演"和"语境"。在表演理论提出以后,民俗学经历了从关注文本向强调语境的转向,使得以差异性为基础的本真性再次成为学术研究的中心议题。然而,在随后以"语境"为中心的研究实践中,研究者们逐渐开始质疑本真性问题存在的逻辑合理性以及在实际民俗活动中的可操作性,研究重点也由此从辨析民俗事象的真伪,转变为讨论本真性背后的权力关系和文化政治。正是基于对"本真性"的祛魅,在当代非物质文化遗产保护的具体实践中,学术话语所追求的本真性与实际操作中的共享原则之间的矛盾,便因此而消解,这为当代公共民俗学实践提供了去语境化和再语境化的理论支撑和实操可能。在此,以行动认同为旨归的"表演"(形式)在"语境"(意义)的"式微"中重新凸显,实现了民俗传统的实践回归。     

试论塞瑟尔的"新君主制"学说

在文艺复兴时期的西欧,法国的宫廷大臣、著名的政治思想家克劳德·得·塞瑟尔根据现实社会的变动,提出了系统的"新君主制"学说.在肯定君主制的价值时,他鼓吹"王权神授",但却着重于从人性的角度来强调君主制的优越性.在对"明君政治"的憧憬中,他界定了一些君主应当遵循的政治行为规范,特别强调君主实施仁政,建立各等级之间的"和谐"秩序,并提出了等级变动的合理性.同时,塞瑟尔主张君主让各等级代表参政议政,建立"君主咨政会议制".他还提出"有限君权"的主张,力图以教会、"正义"与国家法令来遏止君主的暴政.此外,他还要求君主灵活地进行外交,积极进行殖民扩张.塞氏的政治学说充满着"过渡时期"社会所赋予的复杂性与矛盾性,但受时代变迁的感召与人文主义的熏陶,他突破传统的藩篱,提出了适应民族国家发展与新兴资产阶级成长之需要的"新君主制"学说.他的政治理想,反映了西方政治思想从中世纪向近代转型的历史趋势.     

"玉石分化"说辨正--兼论玉器的起源问题

本文首先对“玉石分化”这一论点进行了辨析,从原料、制作技术等方面揭示玉器产生的根源。认为玉器起源的时间大约在距今10000年的新石器时代之初,地点最有可能在以中国东北地区为核心的东北亚。     

我国社会主义民族关系理论与实践考察

民族关系具有民族性,也具有社会性。社会主义民族关系集中反映了中国特色社会主义事业的社会属性。本文主要围绕社会主义民族关系的性质和内涵特征、社会主义民族关系的根本利益原则、社会主义民族关系发展的基本格局、社会主义民族关系发展的价值目标、社会主义和谐民族关系实现的形式以及党和国家实施的政策、措施进行阐述。     

Envisioning Capitalism: Geography and the Renewal of Marxian Political Economy

This paper offers a reinterpretation of what critical theorist Moishe Postone calls 'the fundamental core of capitalism'. In so doing, it seeks to lay a set of theoretical foundations for a renewed Marxian political economy in geography, at a time when Marxism has been eclipsed as a leading critical paradigm within the discipline. The argument works on two fronts simultaneously. On the one hand, the ongoing hegemony of economic and political neo-conservatism is occluding the violent realities of a capitalist world economy behind the anodyne logics of free-market theory. These realities suggest the continued relevance of, and need for, a strong Marxian critique of political economy. But on the other hand, Marxism has been reprimanded by its erstwhile allies on the Left of geography for being too 'modern' and too capital- and class-centred. In light of this double challenge, the paper seeks to develop a 'both/and' Marxism for geography that can chart a third way between the antinomies of modern and after-modern modes of theorizing capitalism and class. A project of 'envisioning capitalism' is suggested on this basis, which combines the 'power' of modern theory with the epistemological reflexivity of after-modern theory. At the same time, capitalism and class are rethought at an ontological level and shown still to be essential features of the fin-de-millennium world, but far less closed and hegemonic than is suggested by modern modes of Marxism. Finally, a return to a class politics of redistribution is suggested, but in a way that draws in more recent Left geographical concerns with identity, difference and recognition.     

胡适与西方进化论

进化论在中国社会形成的普遍影响,胡适本人未能幸免。但是,他又表现出与进化论传播的一般形态有别。这是因为他主要将进化论作为一种方法论来看待。此种情况表明,外来学说进入近代中国社会,必须注意两对矛盾统一的关系：一是语言层次的接受与理解层次的关系;二是沿海与内地的关系。