The Secret Society's Secret: The Invoked Reality of the Tiandihui

This essay examines two sets of reports in the Qing-dynasty Jiaqing and Daoguang periods (respectively 1796-1820 and 1821-45) in order to understand better the perceived reality of the Tiandihui.The first set,found among the papers of Jiangxi governor Xianfu (1809-14),allows a comparison of a criminal gang that invoked the Tiandihui ceremony with one that did not.The second set includes the diary of Taihe county magistrate Xu Dihui (in office from 1824) that recorded various events which came to be reported to the senior officialdom as having been conducted by secret societies.By collating the incidents as reported in the diary and memorials to the emperor,the authors argue that the pressure of the administrative process was responsible for the ultimate acquiescence by the Hunan governor Han Wenqi (in office 1825-29) in the perception of an indisputable connection of the incidents with secret societies.Moreover,both sets of reports show that participants in secret-society ceremonies and officials who suppressed them knexv that the acclaimed networking of the Tiandihui as implied in its folklore was very far from the reality.     

1942年民生社倒孔史料一组

倒孔运动系指1942年初国统区各地掀起的反对孔祥熙的政治斗争。这场运动的导火索是傅斯年在国民参政会上弹劾孔祥熙之议案,随后新闻媒体及社会舆论打倒孔祥熙呼声日益高涨。民生社在这场群众运动中出“反孔特号外”,参与组织“讨孔行动委员会”,是学界中倒孔运动的中坚力量。此组史料反映了民生社参与倒孔的部分情况。     

Land Use in Western Australia: the Need for Change

The need for changes in land use has become more evident from analysis of continued declining trends in land and water resource quality. Land use change in this sense refers to changing existing resource management techniques towards ecologically sustainable development. For example, planting cleared areas towards natural water balance, creating better microclimates and improving soil stability. This paper examines existing land and water legislation and the role and scope of government and the community in achieving changes to traditional resource management including reference to economic and biophysical aspects.     

为什么我们需要环境史

现代环境危机要求一种新的史学和历史意识。我们要以全新的眼光审视历史 ,将其视为人与自然之间长期交互作用、彼此挑战、彼此改变的历史。环境史己经在世界上许多国家出现 ,它对于那些试图应对危机的科学家和政策制定者实际上有很大的帮助。环境史可以对资源保护以及环境保护主义———现代社会中两种强大的政治力量———的兴起提供更深刻的理解。环境史有助于生态学以及其他环境科学提出更富有创见、更加成熟的解决问题的方法。环境史有助于我们更深刻、更富批判性地了解我们的经济文化和制度 ,特别是占有统治地位的资本主义的经济文化及其对地球所造成的后果。环境史可以让我们对我们所栖居的每一个特定的地方———我们必须在那里发现更好的生活方式———有更深邃的了解。     

Scholarly Publication and WAC: The Need for a Critical Response

This paper is a response to recent critiques of the World Archaeological Congress (WAC), including its Global Libraries Program. WAC should take greater leadership in addressing the current unequal state of international scholarly publication. Scholars from the global south disproportionately have more difficulty obtaining published works and fewer venues to publish their own research. This paper calls WAC to encourage and support local and non-English publications, open access works and journals, commons-based licensing, and e-repositories.     

The American Geographical Society's Map of Hispanic America: Million-Scale Mapping between the Wars

ABSTRACT

The 1:1 million Map of Hispanic America, compiled at the American Geographical Society's New York headquarters between the First and Second World Wars, has been seen as a landmark in twentieth-century cartography. In this essay we re-evaluate the Hispanic Map as a technical and scholarly project and re-assess its wider significance for the history of twentieth-century topographic mapping in the light of the cultural and political factors that shaped its development. When finally completed in 1945, the Hispanic Map was rightly judged an unsurpassed scientific achievement and a major work of art. But it was already out of date, superseded by newer cartographic technologies, particularly aerial survey and reconnaissance, that had removed the need for the kind of meticulous and painstaking compilation that the Hispanic Map exemplified.     

中国红十字会经费问题浅析(1912-1937)

中国红十字会主要的财源有三：捐款、会费、政府补助。其中捐款是该会最为重要的经费来源,因此为何募款及如何募款便成为该会在募捐时相当重视的议题。在募款的理念上,同胞爱、积功德乃至人道主义,都曾经被提及,民国初年积功德的诉求,似乎更为有效。会费则是另一个重要的财源。中国红十字会在支出方面,大致有灾难救济、医疗卫生、战地救护、国际救援、推动会务、投资理财等项。对投资理财的重视,是该会有别于传统慈善组织的特点,对于结余经费不再只是消极储蓄保值,而是积极投资以期蔟利．     

社会转型期土族婚姻家庭价值观透视

家庭体现着以两性和血缘为特征的社会关系。作为土族这样一个极其重视家庭功能的社会群体,家庭婚姻价值观既是其民族文明中最具特色、极具稳定传承性的文化元素之一,也是对社会生活变化反映最为敏锐、接受文化影响最为丰富的内容之一。我们知道,土族文化不像汉藏等民族文化以一种文字的形式为纽带而表现其民族文化的鲜明特征,从土族文化系统的形成过程看,是以其明显的复合性和开放性而显现个性。     

Ian Hunter's Civil Philosophy

Summary

Ian Hunter's normative commitment is to civil philosophy. His sustained critique of metaphysical philosophy is to be understood in the context of his proposition that civil and moral philosophy are at war. Since civil philosophy is the only guarantor of social peace, the stakes are high.     

Andrew Shanks's Civil Theology

Abstract

This article aims to initiate discussion of the work of Andrew Shanks by expositing his unique form of civil theology and its relation to his Hegelian Christology. A comparison with Zizek and Milbank serves to highlight what is at stake in Shanks's own Hegelian Christianity.     

Civil Liberties in Wartime

I have a simple thesis: In time of war—or, more precisely, in time of national crisis—we respond too harshly in our restriction of civil liberties, and then later regret our behavior. To explore this thesis, I will briefly review our experience in 1798, the Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Cold War and the Vietnam War. I will then offer some observations.