论知识经济与未来图书馆员的素质和技能

知识经济正引导着图书馆进入一个极其美妙的知识信息的自由空间,提高图书馆馆员的素质和技能,建设一支跨世纪的图书馆管理人才队伍,是当前社会主义市场经济中图书馆事业改革和发展的需要,更是知识经济时代的必然要求。     

Some recent developments in British academic libraries and their implications for the geographer

Abstract

Rising costs of staffing, materials and accommodation have had serious implications for the quantity of stock and quality of service available in university and polytechnic libraries since the early 1970s. Fortunately, various technological developments have worked to counter this deterioration. Increased automation and cooperation between libraries have increased efficiency in acquisitions, cataloguing, loans and inter‐library loans systems. More libraries are offering on‐line information retrieval services. Attitudes have also changed and librarians are keener to promote library use by means of instruction, publications and publicity. Despite these developments some problems remain unchanged.     

Spatial Analysis of Library System and Proposal for New Libraries in Istanbul

Over the past several decades, the rapid growth of Istanbul has resulted in a tremendous gap between the need and provision of social facilities. Growing societal and community needs in the information age and the desire to become a member of the European Union (EU) have stimulated public officials to upgrade the existing libraries and to increase their numbers so as to reach European standards. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the spatial distribution of existing libraries and to propose new ones where they are needed. Volume is the most important and the population of the districts is the second important factor to affect library use. Thus, it is crucial to support library construction, especially in the periphery of the city for future development, and to improve the level of service of the existing libraries.     

浅议基层图书馆的信息服务工作

网络环境下,图书馆的信息服务呈现出许多新特点。这一新特点给基层图书馆的信息服务工作带来严峻的生存挑战和广阔的发展机遇。基层图书馆只有不断优化信息资源和提升信息服务水平,才能跟进时代发展的步伐,为用户提供更好的服务。     

中国公共图书馆时空格局演变及影响因素研究

以1994-2013年中国县域公共图书馆数据为研究基础,运用数理统计和GIS空间分析方法揭示了中国公共图书馆的时空格局及其演变规律,采用多元回归分析和地理探测器分析其时空分异的影响因素及强度差异,并探究其影响机制。结果表明：①中国公共图书馆的整体发展水平持续提升,不同等级公共图书馆的数量结构特征展现出由“金字塔型”向“哑铃型”演变的态势;②中国公共图书馆在空间上的等级扩散效应较为显著,其集聚水平逐步下降,趋向空间均衡分布方向发展;③中国公共图书馆密度分布总体上呈现出逐年提高的趋势,但区域间公共图书馆发展水平的差距在进一步扩大,表现出“东高西低、南高北低”的空间分布格局;④中国公共图书馆时空分布格局是经济、社会、文化、政策等诸多因素共同作用的结果,不同时期和不同地区公共图书馆时空分异的主导因素及其作用强度存在差异。     

新信息环境下党校图书馆的定位与发展

党校图书馆有别于一般高校图书馆,有其自身的优势,也存在相应的问题。在新信息环境下,党校图书馆需要有新的定位,需要不断推进数字化建设,利用网络发展信息服务,同时进一步实现图书馆系统的信息资源共享。     

民族地区图书馆事业发展的现状与对策

在我国文化服务体系建设中,公共图书馆服务体系的建设是其重要组成部分。民族地区图书馆发展滞后是我国文化体系建设中的薄弱环节,民族地区图书馆如何适应社会发展的需求,是图书馆领域深入探讨的重要课题。本文在分析民族地区图书馆现状的基础上,针对存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

Towards Culture 3.0 – performative space in the public library

The aim of this article is to analyse and discuss the development of performative spaces in public libraries from a cultural policy perspective. First, a framework of three concepts of culture, 1.0–3.0, is used as a tool to analyse the overall development of public libraries. Against this background, we introduce the notion of performative spaces in public libraries by highlighting Nordic examples. The tendency can also be seen on a broader level in European and North American libraries, where a ‘performative turn’ can be seen as the relationship between the library and its users, especially the younger ‘digital natives’. The rationales behind the emergence of performative spaces in public libraries are analysed and discussed: democratisation, empowerment and economic impact. This article concludes that the performative spaces are legitimized by multiple rationales in the same way as cultural policies and cultural institutions are legitimised today.     

武汉市24小时自助图书馆设立的空间效应研究

以武汉市中心城区为研究范围,综合运用核密度估计法、Ripley's L函数、标准差椭圆、Voronoi多边形和空间句法,系统分析武汉市24小时自助图书馆设立的空间效应,包括整体空间效应、服务范围及服务人口效应、可达性及穿行性效应。结果表明,24小时自助图书馆的设立:1使图书馆由单一集聚核心向多集聚核心转变,使图书馆空间集聚程度加强,整体呈现出"大分散,小集聚"的空间分布特征,空间分布方向向"E-W"方向顺时针旋转;2使图书馆的服务范围缩小,服务人口压力减小,但其长尾效应有待进一步发挥;3使图书馆的可达性略有提高,但使其穿行性显著增强,正在从根本上将读者获取图书资源的方式由"读者围着资源移动"转变为"让资源围着读者移动"。     

A ‘New Deal’ for the Kurds: Britain's Kurdish Policy in Iraq, 1941–45

The Mulla Mustafa revolt of 1943–45 threatened to undermine the authority of the already vulnerable Iraqi government. In formulating a response, both the Iraqi prime minister and the British embassy wanted to prevent Kurdish nationalists from appropriating the revolt for their own ends. Sir Kinahan Cornwallis, the British Ambassador to Iraq, called for a ‘New Deal’ for the Kurds, encouraging development and investment in Kurdish areas as a means of drawing them under the control of central government authority. Iraqi Minister Majid Mustafa offered similar suggestions for infrastructure projects. In this instance, British and Iraqi priorities aligned and both hoped that reform would appease the Kurds and strengthen the Iraqi state. Britain's Kurdish policy during the Second World War demonstrates the continuing tension, dating back to the Mandate period, between its commitment to a united Iraq and the paternalistic sense of responsibility for the Kurds felt by many of its officials, in particular, the political advisers posted in the northern provinces. Despite British and Iraqi attempts to dismiss the Mulla Mustafa revolt as an ‘isolated tribal uprising’, it has entered the Kurdish narrative as a transformative moment in the Iraqi Kurdish national movement.     

小型图书馆的发展问题探讨

阐述了小型图书馆在藏书管理、服务模式、人员编制、经费投入等方面的现状,根据其优势和面临的困境,提出相应对策.在加强科学管理,完善基础建设,注重人才培养等之外,还要拓展服务空间.随着数字化、网络化进程的发展,图书、情报、档案一体化是小型图书馆发展的必然趋势.而各种文献信息的数字化是一体化的前提和关键.在一体化的基础上,以单位科研项目、研究人员为本,对文献信息进行深层次开发,提供高效、创新的知识服务,是提升小型图书馆服务功能的重点.     

“满铁”哈尔滨图书馆

满铁哈尔滨图书馆是南满洲铁道株式会社三家图书馆之一。满铁哈尔滨图书馆源流实际上由两部分构成,一部分是中东铁路中央图书馆,一部分是满铁在哈尔滨成立的原满铁哈尔滨图书馆。本文介绍了满铁哈尔滨图书馆源流、馆藏特色文献以及1945年抗战胜利后满铁哈尔滨图书馆被接收情况和文献流向。     

加快图书馆发展 促进和谐社会构建

本文从构建和谐社会的角度出发,论述了图书馆在构建和谐社会中的作用及发展方向。     

Jean-François Foucquet's Contribution to the Establishment of Chinese Book Collections in European Libraries: Circulation of Chinese Books

This article focuses on the circulation of Chinese books by looking at the books which François Foucquet carried from China to Europe. By examining different “booklists,” it investigates how books circulated not only from one concrete place to another, but also through different “lists”: bookseller lists, transportation lists, cataloguing lists, lists of forgotten books, or quotation lists. In addition, by linking the various catalogues and book lists to the holdings of European libraries and, in turn, Foucquet's library to the other systematic transfers of books from China to Europe, this study reconstructs the “communication circuit” of a library. This reconstruction is an “intercultural” communication circuit, which runs from the Chinese bookseller over the shipper to the European reader. On the basis of this analysis, this article shows the important role Foucquet and other Europeans played in a new epoch of interest in Chinese culture: the constitution of Chinese libraries in Europe.     

南京图书馆发展史略

中国最早的近代图书馆之一的南京图书馆在艰难曲折的发展历程中取得了一系列成就,目前已成为我国第三大图书馆。     

Eine naturwissenschaftliche Forschungsbibliothek des 18. Jahrhunderts: Die Bibliothek der ‚Naturforschenden Gesellschaft’︁ zu Jena

The ?Naturforschende Gesellschaft’?, founded in 1793, proved instrumental for the development of science at the University of Jena around 1800. Its library can be considered as one of its most important facilities provided for research and for the education of students. Since this library has been preserved almost without losses, we can ask whether this library served the purpose of a research library in the newly established field of ?science’?. In consequence, the role of scientific societies and the genesis of specialised libraries in the area of science can be investigated in an exemplary case, with implications for the concept of scientific research around 1800.     

Development vs. Reform: Attempts at Modernisation During the Twilight of British Influence in Iraq, 1946–58

This study analyses British and local Iraqi elites’ efforts to avoid social revolution through promotion of economic development during the last years of the Iraqi monarchy. Discussing the complex set-up of domestic Iraqi elites and their ambiguous relations with British officials in Iraq, it argues that the structural composition of the Iraqi state itself is an important explanatory factor for the swift overthrow of the old regime in 1958. Using British archival records, this article analyses the politics of avoiding reform and promoting economic development to which Iraqi elites and the British were privy. It shows how economistic ideas of ‘modernisation’ and economic growth were believed to be the solution to Iraq's endemic problems of social unrest and politicisation of large parts of the population. Arguing that increased wealth through oil-fuelled development programmes would ultimately trickle down to all strata of the population and thus stave off the danger of revolution, the British failed to realise that Iraq's structural setup with its unscrupulous politicians and wealthy landowners at the apex of power, along with an all-permeating patronage system, effectively hampered any dispersal of what little new wealth was generated through these projects.     

Illusions of care: Iraqi students between the Ba’thist State and the Stasi in socialist East Germany, 1958–89

For four decades, Iraqi students came to the German Democratic Republic for education, political refuge, or to burnish their credentials. In 1969, Iraq opened diplomatic relations with the GDR, simultaneously extending its persecution of the Iraqi Communist Party (ICP) into East Germany by means of a complex bureaucratic apparatus of diplomatic organs, security services and student organisations. While ICP members were eventually protected by the Stasi, this entangled them in a system that offered care at the cost of obedience. The on-going campaign against ICP students ultimately played an outsized role in undermining the relationship between the SED and the Iraqi Ba’th.     

对民族地区图书馆现代化建设的思考

民族地区图书馆的现代化建设,是促进民族地区文化建设的重要方面。本文立足于民族地区实际,着眼于当代科技发展趋势,从注重科学管理、设施建设、人才培养、扩大交流以及开展有益的文化活动等方面,就如何实现图书馆现代化建设的目标进行了探讨。     

The political parameters of post‐withdrawal Iraq

The withdrawal of US combat forces presents new challenges and opportunities for Iraqis over the coming months and years. This special issue of International Affairs seeks to provide an assessment and analysis of many of these challenges and opportunities from the perspective of Iraqi actors, while also considering the interests of the wider regional and international community. Iraq remains important, fundamentally so. The main challenges that now face Iraqi leaders are not of recent origin but have never been fully confronted—to some degree the US presence has acted to ameliorate tensions at difficult times and helped to find compromise solutions that have left situations calm but also put on hold. The articles in this special issue focus on a range of these challenges, questioning orthodox views on Iraqi political development and considering the possibilities that lie ahead. They present not only ‘post‐American Iraq’ but also ‘post‐Iraq America’. By facing these challenges successfully, political, economic and social opportunities clearly unfold. These opportunities, if exploited to the full, would see Iraq's security become normalized, its economy and social structures repaired, and the prominence of the country in international affairs as a constructive rather than destructive force increased. However, the reverse of this is also starkly apparent. The failure of Iraqi leaders to meet the challenges may present very serious problems in the near future—problems possibly made all the more severe due to the lack of a US military presence and the perceived weakening of US will to impose itself on the political direction of the country.