共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Bertrand Vayssière 《European Review of History》2009,16(4):477-497
Le but de cet article est de mettre en perspective les principales conséquences qu'ont eues l'intégration de l'Espagne et du Portugal à la CEE dans ces Etats, et de se demander quel élément, de l'Europe ou des pays eux-mêmes, a été le plus actif dans la dynamique de changement, politique aussi bien qu'économique. Il a également pour propos de s'appuyer sur ce précédent afin d'en tirer quelques leçons qui pourraient s'appliquer aux pays de l'Est, concernant leurs propres processus d'entrée dans l'Union européenne. Il s'agira ainsi de voir les différences et les ressemblances qui caractérisent ces deux élargissements. Enfin, l'article s'intéresse aux conséquences que l'entrée des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale de 2004 a entraînées pour les Etats ibériques eux-mêmes, du point de vue des politiques communautaires comme celui de la place qu'occupent l'Espagne et le Portugal dans l'Union européenne élargie. 相似文献
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Éric Brian 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2001,122(2-4):473-502
On the basis of the trajectory of something made of paster which had impassioned the statisticians of the years 1880 and which furnished André Breton the very exemple for the notion of a surrealist object, one wonders whether the surrealist theory of chance was born by chance. By translating the issue which Ernest Coumet addressed in 1970 concerning the Pascalian geometry of chance, we investigate here the relationship between the history of science, art history and the history of scientific culture during the last century. In return, we hope to suggest why Coumet's article opened such a wide horizon in the history of the theory of probabilities thirty years ago. 相似文献
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Olivier Keller 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1998,119(4):545-573
The study of the mathematics of prehistory cannot be founded on bare archeological data alone; it may be useful to set the archeological documents in context, with the help of comparative ethnography, according to which our own contemporaray or near-contemporary primitive societies can help us understand our prehistoric ancestors. Although once used spontaneously by several historians of mathematics, this approach has been rejected on principle by the recent school of ethnomathematicians. This paper sets out to show, by means of a certain number of examples, that the method can nonetheless yield rewards: on the one hand because it demolishes the fantastic theories so fondly constructed by certain mathematicians, and on the other because it opens up a vast field of research which has so far been vitually unexplored. 相似文献
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Susan P. Collard 《Modern & Contemporary France》2013,21(4):517-535
Les ‘grands projets’ d'architecture réalisés par François Mitterrand représentent sa volonté de marquer son époque avec une empreinte culturelle et de s'inscrire personnellement dans l'Histoire française de façon permanente, traduisant par ce biais une forte présidentialisation du domaine de la culture. Malgré sa préférence personnelle très marquée parmi les nombreux projets pour celui du Grand Louvre, décelée à travers son suivi très attentif de sa réalisation, Mitterrand s'est curieusement défendu en public, d'en avoir eu l'idée initiale. La paternité de ce projet est ainsi devenue un sujet de controverse dans le milieu culturel parisien, qui semble finalement avoir tranché en faveur du ministre de la Culture, Jack Lang, qui lui aurait soufflé l'idée. Vingt ans après l'inauguration de la nouvelle aile Richelieu par le président en novembre 1993, cet article cherche à élucider cette controverse, en s'appuyant sur des archives présidentielles et ministérielles ainsi que sur de nombreux entretiens d'acteurs de l'époque. L'analyse qui en résulte révèle à quel point la transparence peut se perdre dans les complexités du processus décisionnel en politique, surtout en ce qui concerne François Mitterrand, qui cultivait l'ambigüité dans ses propos afin de mieux gérer son entourage et son héritage politiques. 相似文献
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Xenia von Tippelskirch 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2007,128(1-2):181-208
The connection between the history of reading and gender is made using a range of methodological perspectives, each illustrated by analysing concrete examples from the early modern Italian area. The significance of the circulation and reception of texts as well as the various attempts to control knowledge and behaviour via censorship and availability of reading material will be considered. In fact, since the XVI th century, written texts seem to play an increasingly influential role in defining the relationship between men and women. The figure of the early modern woman reader appears in literature sources as both a consciously constructed and easily influenced addressee, who nevertheless may still behave in a way different to that intended by the authors. This double approach facilitates the reading of normative texts from a new perspective that takes into account the possibility of creative adaptation and enables the question of interdependence between the production and reception of the written word to be reconsidered. 相似文献
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This article shows how the Edict of Nantes (1598), that had been criticized by French Protestants when it came out, progressively became the symbol of their belonging to the French nation and the acceptance of their religious particularity. But it is finally after its revocation (1685) that this Edict appears to make most sense to the Huguenot spokesmen. Thinking from a theological point of view as well as an historical, juridical and philosophical one, they consider it as a symbol of religious freedom. However, it is only by giving up their former status lost with the Revocation that they manage to develop an original thinking on the relationship between the State and individuals. In order to achieve this, they must distinguish between the subject or the citizen on one hand, and the believer on the other. But this distinction implies the renunciation of the nostalgia for aProtestant body, recognized as such in the kingdom of France. 相似文献
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Philippe Olivera 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2007,128(1-2):27-49
The aim of this paper is to shed light on the importance, for cultural history, of a professional concept from the publishing worl, for example « general literature » - a concept which goes against most of the usual forms of classification and division of intellectual output. Through the use of an « indigenous » source from within the publishing domain such as the advertisement notices published in Bibliographie de la France, one can show the coherence of a wide domain which encompasses - but also widely surpasses - the boundaries of literature as commonly conceived. As one category of publishing output, general literature can be characterized during the first half of the XX th century by the use of the same material form the 12mo whose profound significance is the intention to reach a « wide educated audience ». Thus, it is by taking into account the structure of this output that, through such a domain as general literature, the publishing market allows the question of the actual existence and aspects of learned culture to be raised. 相似文献
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Murielle Perrier 《Romance Quarterly》2013,60(4):240-246
By using a dialogical method in Le Supplément au voyage de Bougainville (1772), Diderot contrasts two places: the civilized European world and the primitive island of Tahiti. The dialogical structure of his work entails a questioning of the concept of libertinage through the theme of the corporeal. Indeed, the dialectical method he employs in the text unifies his vision on what the body represents. This work will demonstrate that for Diderot the body can be defined as three entities: the text, the physical, and the social. All these three categories are intertwined for him. Using them as a leitmotiv enables him to call into question the moral and social conventions of his own country. 相似文献
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E. Bloch explique le procès historique à partir d'une interprétation de l'idéalisme historique hégélien et du matérialisme historique. L'histoire est un processus‐progrès dialectique qui tend vers une fin. Mais la fin de l'histoire est seulement une possibilité et il faut l'action libre de l'homme guidée parla ‘ration pratique ‘ pour que ‘l'utopie concrète’ de l'histoire puisse devenir une réalité. 相似文献