屯堡人——黔中高原上的戍边者后裔

从贵阳出发,沿贵黄公路西进,在黄果树和省会贵阳之间,长达150公里,面积大约1,340平方公里山峦叠嶂的喀斯特岩溶地面上,有许多屯墙、垣壁和石板盖顶的屋予以及高耸的碉堡组成的石头村寨,那里住着一种特别的人群,他们身着宽袍大袖长及脚踝的宝蓝色长衫,说着既不同于本地又异于他乡的特殊语言,衣食住行婚丧嫁娶生老病死喜怒哀乐节日仪式统统按自己的老规矩行事。     

黔中屯堡文化性质新探

本文对屯堡文化研究的状况作一定梳理,对屯堡社区群落现象进行研究,认为屯堡人创造了一种特有的文化。     

屯堡人与屯堡文化

奇特的屯堡人云贵高原上的黔中大地,居住着奇特的电堡人。西出贵阳进入安顺地界,就象进入了石头的王国。那绿色田野上飘泊着的一座座白色小岛,是一个个石头屯堡村落。石头的街道、石头的屯墙、石头的垣墙、石板盖顶的屋面以及那高耸的石头雕堡,无一不说明它们是石头建筑的杰作。田野里、大路上、集市场坝中人们的音容笑貌,服饰穿戴都让你感到奇特。姑娘们长长的独辫垂于身后,他们身上穿的是宽在大轴的大襟长袍,腰间系织锦丝质长腰带。婚后的妇女修面后则挽着发辔,套上马尾编织的发网,插着金银或玉石发售。她们的丝头腰带结节垂于臀…     

屯堡人--贵州高原上的江淮遗民

我们是谁?我们从哪里来?原来的生活是什么状态?什么样子?这是亘古以来,困惑人类自身的古老话题。那么,有没有一条时光隧道,能让我们穿越历史,返回时间的上游,直达先民的身边,去感受先民们的生活,去了解他们的服装、饮食、文化、建筑、民风?似乎只有在科幻小说或科幻影视的大胆想象中才有的场景,却在贵州高原上,奇迹般地出现在我们面前——在安顺市周围数十个屯堡中,生活着100多万屯堡人,他们是明代洪武年间,由江淮西迁云贵的遗民,600多年风风雨雨,他们耕戍田陇,守望家乡,顽强而固执地坚持着自己的服装、发型、方言、民俗、建筑等文化传承,在…     

纳顿节:屯田与戍边者的狂欢

三川土乡自古以来就是一片膏腴相望的富庶之地,清朝诗人吴栻曾有过这样的描述：“千家门巷皆铺锦,十里园林尽罩烟”。与此同时,这里积石山雄峻,黄河水临险,是一处兵家必争之地。于是,历来与中央朝廷关系密切的土族先民,便“聚则为兵,据险守寨;散则为民,习武务农”,在自己的命运编码中深深地印上了“屯田戍边,精忠报国”八个字。在今天三川土族人的纳顿节上,土族先民那矫健的马上身影还会在我们眼前依稀闪动。     

屯堡人“迎汪公”

“迎汪公”是贵州安顺屯堡人祖辈传承的重要仪式。汪公名叫汪华，原籍安徽休宁，隋朝时成为徽州地方官，是一位以征战建功立业的英雄，被屯堡人作为屯田戎边的楷模信奉，并以同是汪公后代的意识来团结客居他乡的屯堡人。     

兵团人新疆戍边——《新中国屯垦戍边实录》续貂

读了《炎黄春秋》2002年第7期的《新中国屯垦戍边实录》(以下简称《实录》,作者许人俊)一文,颇感振奋。作为共和国目前唯一存在的生产建设兵团的一员,我感谢作者比较全面地介绍了新中国屯垦戍边事业的来龙去脉。     

非洲发现“中国人后裔”

1994年,美国女作家李露晔在为郑和撰写的传记中叙述了自己在肯尼亚邂逅的传奇:一个黑人告诉她,自己是中国人的子孙,是数百年前肯尼亚拉穆镇帕泰岛中国船遇难幸存者的后裔。1999年,美国《纽约时报》记者纪思道沿着李露晔指引的方向探访了肯尼亚拉穆群岛中的帕泰岛,并撰文介绍了他在帕泰岛上采访中国人后裔的经过,还提出大胆的推想:这些自称有中国血统的     

非洲发现“中国人后裔”

1994年，美国女作家李露晔在为郑和撰写的传记中叙述了自己在肯尼亚邂逅的传奇：一个黑人告诉她，自己是中国人的子孙，是数百年前肯尼亚拉穆镇帕泰岛中国船遇难幸存者的后裔。     

贵州余氏族人是成吉思汗的后裔

读了《贵州都市报》４月２３日和４月２６日刊载的关于贵州余氏族人 ,是不是成吉思汗的后裔的文章后 ,我翻出１９９３年１０月参加“贵州省十县市区政协工作暨经济协作会议第五次年会”期间 ,我在石阡县民委办公室所收集到的《余氏谱牒》手抄本 ,细细研读后 ,同时查阅了《石阡县志》（１９９２年１２月 ,贵州人民出版社） ,以及由石阡县民委编写的《石阡县民族志》（１９８８年１０月 ,送审稿） ,所得结论 ,与《贵州都市报》发表的两篇报道所持的观点相悖 ,现将实情叙述于后。元朝末年 ,铁姓九子一婿等余氏族人在泸阳凤锦桥（今湖南常德） ,…     

Fortresses and fashion statements: gentry castles in fourteenth-century Northumberland

The fourteenth century saw a dramatic upsurge of new castle building in northern England. Not unreasonably, historians have associated this with the Scottish wars, seeing this proliferation as a direct response to Scottish raiding, and assuming that these castles were designed and built solely to perform a defensive military function. However, recent work on castles has questioned such purely functionalist interpretations. This article examines the castles built in the fourteenth century by the ‘gentry’ of Northumberland, the most exposed of all the border counties to Scottish attack, and sets them in their local and national contexts. Were these castles just built as defensive fortresses, or did they also serve a more symbolic role, in a society which had rapidly become militarised with the onset of war in 1296? Were they in fact intended as much to keep up with the neighbours as to keep out the Scots?     

Fortresses and fashion statements: gentry castles in fourteenth-century Northumberland

The fourteenth century saw a dramatic upsurge of new castle building in northern England. Not unreasonably, historians have associated this with the Scottish wars, seeing this proliferation as a direct response to Scottish raiding, and assuming that these castles were designed and built solely to perform a defensive military function. However, recent work on castles has questioned such purely functionalist interpretations. This article examines the castles built in the fourteenth century by the ‘gentry’ of Northumberland, the most exposed of all the border counties to Scottish attack, and sets them in their local and national contexts. Were these castles just built as defensive fortresses, or did they also serve a more symbolic role, in a society which had rapidly become militarised with the onset of war in 1296? Were they in fact intended as much to keep up with the neighbours as to keep out the Scots?     

南凉后裔今何在

在广东省鹤山市,有一个全国罕见的姓氏——源氏,他们的祖先是曾在青海建立东晋十六国之一南凉国的秃发鲜卑人。至今,源氏后裔还保留着一些独特的习俗——睡土炕式的大床,喝类似获茶的饮料。源氏后裔善于经商,不少人成为港澳及东南亚有名的富商巨贾,那么,源氏家族是怎样从青海辗转迁移到广东鹤山,他们的生活现状又是怎样的呢？本文将揭开这些谜底。     

吐谷浑王族后裔今何在

吐谷浑是中国古代西北很有影响的鲜卑族政权,两晋南北朝到隋唐时期,吐谷浑政权控制着青海大部及甘肃、新疆等省区的部分土地,曾经消灭了赫连氏建立的夏政权,对北魏、隋朝和唐朝统治造成一定的威胁,所以唐朝边塞诗人王昌龄在《从军行》中写道:“前军夜战洮河北,已报生擒吐谷浑”。当然,这里所说的“吐谷浑”只是泛指征战首领,并非指吐谷浑可汗,因为王昌龄写诗的时候(开元年间),吐谷浑早已经东迁到唐朝境内。事实上吐谷浑与中原王朝的友好联系应当是主流,贞观十年(636年)唐太宗册封吐谷浑王慕容诺曷钵为河源郡王、乌地也拔勒豆可汗,“诺曷钵因…     

Border guarding and the politics of the body: an examination of the Finnish Border Guard service

In previous studies, the question of the state control over the bodies of people at border-crossing points has been of great interest, while less attention has been given to the bodies that carry out border surveillance and control. This article introduces a new perspective on the study of the state and gender by examining the imaginations and rationalities of state border guarding and the politics of the body in the Finnish Border Guard (FBG) service. By taking the body politics and gendered relations of border guarding as an analytical starting point, this study takes a step forward toward ‘feminizing’ the study of borders and border securitization. The article scrutinizes the depictions, articulations, and conceptualizations of the work competence in border guarding and the performances of female border guards in the official media of the FBG organization, as well as discusses how the interrelations of border guarding and body politics become structured around questions concerning masculine romantics, the (in)capacities of female officers and the embodied nature of border monitoring. The study shows the pervasive, and also controversial, nature of gendered imaginations and rationalities in the domain of border guarding in contemporary societies.     

中亚国家独立前后跨国民族的迁移对其民族结构的影响

本文对中亚各国民族结构主体民族化的状况进行了分析研究。认为在中亚国家政局动荡、经济陷于危机的形势下,民族结构的主体民族化有利于各国暂时缓解民族矛盾和稳定政局,有利于暂时缓解失业带来的社会压力;然而从长远的发展角度来看,它侵蚀了中亚社会稳定的基石,不利于中亚各国社会的长治久安,破坏了良性的社会结构,加速了中亚社会的分化。     

印尼华裔青少年语言与认同的个案分析--华侨大学华文学院印尼华裔学生的调查研究

本文依据对华侨大学华文学院印尼华裔学生的调查研究,探讨印尼华裔青少年一代的语言环境、语言使用、语言能力及其认同问题.调查表明,印尼华裔学生是以印尼语为主、具有双语或多语能力的语言使用者;虽经数十年的严厉禁止,但他们在印尼现仍有一个使用汉语言文字的环境;他们程度不一地具有汉语方言的能力;他们学习汉语的目的动机与华人身份的认同紧密联系在一起.