十九世纪中期皖北的圩寨

１９世纪中期，皖北出现了大量的圩寨。本文试图通过对皖北圩寨的具体考察，展现皖北基层社会发生的深刻变革及国家政权为重建统治秩序做出的努力，并从中透析中国基层社会的演进道路。     

十九世纪八十年代地主阶级开明派张树声

一太平天国时期,张树声在合肥地区统带一支团练与太平军、捻军顽抗,从一个诸生被提擢为候补同知。他所统带的团练,为李鸿章后来编练淮军奠定下基础。他也因此而发迹。张树声(1823—1884年)安徽合肥人。“县廪膳生”,1853年太平军进军皖北,捻军纷纷响应,他“奉钦差大臣周(天爵)、吕(贤基)示谕团练,并奉钦差办理团练刑部郎中李(文安)颁发章程,坚壁清野”,“除结团自保外”,还带练勇外出与太平军转战各地,配合清军攻陷含山、六安、英、霍、潜、太、无为等州县。1857年桐城清军溃败,次年太平军再次攻占庐州,皖北革命斗争又趋向高涨。张树声从地主阶级利益出发,“严申禁令,不准乡民从贼,先平肥西匪寨,继败捻酋张洛行于官亭,就周公山下坚筑堡寨,阻河为险……远近襁负来归,咸知其制寇有方,相依为命。”当时合肥     

安徽捻軍概述

1853年春天,太平军进入安徽并佔領南京以后,在太平天国革命运动的影响下,安徽、河南、江苏、山东一带曾先后爆发一个规模巨大的农民革命运动,这就是出名的捻军起义。捻軍起义的地区虽然很大,但它的中心却在安徽、河南两省。其中特别是安徽捻军,不仅力量最为强大,和清軍作战的时间也最为长久——达到16年,而且活动的地区也最为广闊,除法安徽以外,达到江苏、山东、河南、河北、陕西、山西等七省,給清政府反动統治的打击也最大,是捻军的主流,因此一般人在說到捻军吋,主要都是指安徽捻军。     

捻军调查记

这篇捻军调查记,是根据二十多年前的调查访问记录写成的。一九五八年秋天,安徽科学分院历史研究室组成一个捻军调查组,曾在皖北涡阳全县和蒙城、毫县、濉溪、河南永城的部分地区,进行为时两月的捻军史迹的实地调查。调查结束后,先将搜集到的捻军民歌整理注释;后又根据调查资     

长征先遣队的桂东誓师

1934年8月,红军第六军团在湖南省桂东县寨前圩奉命誓师西征,拉开了中国工农红军长征的序幕,成为中央红军长征的先遣队。     

长征先遣队的桂东誓师

1954年8月,红军第六军团在湖南省桂东县寨前圩奉命誓师西征,拉开了中国工农红军长征的序幕,成为中央红军长征的先遣队。[编者按]     

捻军领导层初探

史学界对于捻军性质的认识历来存在两种观点,其分歧主要在于对捻军领导层的不同认识.本文利用大量未刊口碑调查资料,通过对捻军五旗重要首领家情及田产状况的具体分析,对捻军领导层做出重新估价.     

修武县发现捻军过境碑

一九五八年,修武县西村公社西岭后大队,在村东北寨墙挖土时,发现一通清光绪元年碑记,当地群众称之为捻军过境碑。碑高1.10,宽0.50,厚0.20米,系清光绪元年所立。碑文中记述了捻军至修武县境的时间和行军路线:“咸丰年间,捻匪号小阎王,相聚百余万,扰乱于南。同治六年冬,自绛州缘冰渡河,十二月十八日至修武境内,兵马方六七十里,南至运粮河之南北,搜出十余里。……交字口、峪、洼、圪料返南坡     

清政府是如何解决李昭寿的

李昭寿原籍河南固始,曾为一支捻军的领导人,后向清朝道员何桂珍投降。安徽巡抚福济与何桂珍谋除李昭寿,李昭寿刺杀何桂珍,投奔太平天国,曾任太平天国的“河南省文将帅”。及督办安徽军务胜保到皖,李昭寿又接受了胜保的招抚,改名李世     

丁宝桢的佚闻趣事

清代同治年间,北方的一支农民起义军——捻军惊扰京畿地区,兵锋直指京城,离京城仅二百里,朝廷震动。时任山东巡抚的丁宝桢率军人援。军队先到达了河间,接着彻夜行军,一天一夜行军三百多里,突然出现在捻军军阵之前,与捻军展开激战,不久便收复了饶阳城。丁宝桢由于指挥有方,屡克捻军,受到了皇帝的嘉奖,同治帝曾七下诏书褒奖他,声名显赫于朝廷内外,还得到同治帝的召见。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the