百年来甲骨文材料统计

甲骨文自1899年发现以来已有百余年,那么甲骨文材料究竟有多少?以往统计主要有两种说法:一种认为有10万片,另一种认为有15万片。统计数字的不同源于统计方法和认识上的不同,因此必须采取较科学的统计方法,才能得出较科学的统计结果。本文以国内外公私机构现藏甲骨实际数量为统计对象,在胡厚宣先生的统计基础上,结合最近发表的各种著作文章,最后统计出百年来甲骨文材料有13万片左右。     

甲骨新缀四组

殷墟甲骨新缀四组,它们是:《合集》34572+《屯南》1295、《合集》33064+《屯南》2915、《屯南》880+989+1010、《屯南》2181+4301.其中第三组的前两版系萧楠先生所缀,我们加缀的是末一版.     

‘Old wood’ effect in radiocarbon dating of prehistoric cremated bones?

Numerous reports of successful radiocarbon dating of cremated bones have emerged during the last decade. The success of radiocarbon dating cremated bones depends on the temperature during burning and the degree of recrystallisation of the inorganic bone matrix. During cremation bones undergo major morphological and mineralogical changes which have raised some interesting questions and discussion on the origin of the carbon source in archaeologically cremated bones. Recent laboratory experiments reveal that the properties of the combustion atmosphere play a significant role regarding the source carbon in cremated bones. Thus radiocarbon dating cremated bones is potentially dating the wood used for the cremation fire. Here we compare a high precision radiocarbon dated human bone with an associated dendrochronological age from an oak coffin. We find that the age discrepancy between the dendrochronological age and the cremated bone of 73 ± 26 ¹⁴C yr is best accounted for by the so called ‘old wood’ effect.     

旅游竞争力评价范式：反思与启示

旅游竞争力研究已经成为旅游学术界的一个热点。然而,国内外关于旅游竞争力的评价,基本上是沿用波特的国家竞争力评价范式,相互之间的差异无外乎“指标选择”或“权重配置”两个方面。本文在回顾文献的基础上,从理论和实证两个角度对当前的旅游竞争力评价范式进行了反思。从理论分析来看,当前旅游竞争力评价范式的假设前提并不成立,对指标的选取也值得商榷;从实证角度来看,其所建构的模型难以解释诸多旅游地的发展。本文认为旅游竞争力的大小绝不等同于各个竞争要素“绝对数值”的简单求和,而是隐含在由旅游体验所决定的需求结构、竞争要素之间的结构性构造以及不同竞争目的她的“相对地位”之中。简言之,旅游竞争力的大小,从需求来看,取决于需求结构及其变化;从供给上看,取决于竞争要素的相对地位及其结构所决定的旅游地的相对优势。     

山东沭河上游出土人骨的食性分析研究

本研究通过对山东沭河上游大汶口文化晚期及春秋战国时期 2块人骨的碳、氮同位素分析和无机成分的锶、钡、钙等微量元素分析 ,恢复了当时人的食物结构。结论有以下两点 :1 由同位素分析可知 ,本地区贫民老百姓的食物在大汶口晚期时以C4植物为主 ,大约占 6 5 1 %的比例。此时期的食物结构存在贫富差异 ,富有者的食谱主要以C3植物为主 ,大约占 6 6 4 %的比例。 2 通过对小朱家村遗址出土的 1块人骨样品的微量元素分析 ,反映出同位素分析所表明的C3植物 ,除了少量种植的稻米外 ,可能还包括胡桃属、榛属、栗属、豆科等采集植物。     

《小屯南地甲骨》缀合拾遗

本文试缀了三例《屯南》甲骨,并作了释文。     

The identification of extant european bird remains: a review of the literature

This paper reviews the literature on the identification of bird bones found in European sites. Such a review is useful both to Quaternary palaeontologists and to zooarchaeologists attempting to identify bird bones. The publications are considered systematically. We stress that the published works should not be used for identification in isolation, but that a comparative collection is essential. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new calibration of the XRD technique for the study of archaeological burned human remains

A new calibration of human bones as a function of programmed temperature (200–1000 °C) and time (0, 18 and 60 min) is presented and discussed in order to investigate the issues related to the study of cremated bone remains by using the powder X-ray diffraction approach. The experimental results confirm the growth of hydroxylapatite crystallites as a function of the applied temperature, with a sigmoid behaviour that has been parameterized to the experimental data points. Particularly, it was observed that the thermal treatments for 60 min anticipate of about 100 °C the effects that are otherwise observed after the treatments for 0 min. The developed procedure was subsequently applied to cremated remains of various archaeological sites of Spain and supplied precise information not only about the temperature reached during the funerary rites, but also on the presumed duration for the cremation.     

甲骨缀合拾遗(十一组)

甲骨缀合是甲骨学中的基础工作。学者们已做了很多缀合的工作,但仍有甲骨需要缀合。本文即是对作者新缀十一组甲骨的介绍。     

Matchlocks, Flintlocks, and Saltpetre: The Chronological Implications for the Use of Matchlock Muskets among Ottoman-Period Bedouin in the Southern Levant

This paper examines the chronological implications for the prolonged use of matchlock muskets by the Bedouin during the Ottoman Period (1453–1918). Although the technology behind the matchlock ignition system is from the fifteenth century, this weapon was used by many Bedouin until the beginning of the twentieth century. As a result, the presence of gun parts from matchlock muskets poses a potential problem for identifying Bedouin occupations from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the southern Levant and in northern Arabia. This issue is heightened by the paucity of diagnostic artifacts found at archaeological sites associated with the Bedouin during the Ottoman Period.