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1.
Christopher N. Matthews 《Archaeologies》2007,3(3):271-295
This paper explores a conception of being Indian in New Orleans that complicates and localizes Indian histories and identities.
It poses that the notion of “being Indian” may be approached not only through the history and archaeology of persons but also
as an identity such that being Indian itself is an artifact produced by a wide range of people in the development of New Orleans
in the colonial and post-colonial periods. Employing a critical reading of intercultural relations, I explore archaeological
evidence that suggests colonial New Orleans was created in both Indian and non-Indian terms through exchange. In this process
archaeology shows that being Indian was part of a widely-shared colonial strategy that places a fluid Indian identity at the
center of local history. The paper also considers how the marginalization of Indian people in the early nineteenth century
was one way New Orleans and the greater southeast connected with dominant American sensibilities. Developing with the idea
of “prehistory,” nineteenth-century Native Americans were distanced as a cultural other and pushed to margins of New Orleans
society. The subsequent internal tensions of assimilation and removal derailed Indian challenges to White domination they
had employed over the previous 100 years. As this action coincides with the invention of American archaeology as the science
of prehistory, the paper concludes with a critical reflection on archaeological terminology.
Re′sume′ Cet article explore l’idée d’être Amérindien à la Nouvelle-Orléans qui rend plus complexes et plus spécifiquement locales les histoires et caractères identitaires amérindiens. Il suggère que la notion d’ ? être amérindien ? peut être appréhendée non seulement à travers l'histoire et l'archéologie des personnes, mais également par le biais d’une identité à proprement parler, procédant de l’acceptation qu’être Amérindien est en lui-même une construction empruntant à un large éventail de personnes de la région de la Nouvelle-Orléans durant la période coloniale et post-coloniale. Utilisant une lecture critique des relations interculturelles, j'explore les faits archéologiques qui suggèrent que la Nouvelle-Orléans coloniale fut créée selon des principes à la foi amérindiens et non amérindiens par l’entremise d’échanges. Dans ce processus, l'archéologie démontre qu' ? être amérindien ? faisait partie d'une stratégie coloniale largement utilisée et qui se servait d’une identité amérindienne polyvalente comme point central de l'histoire locale. Cet article traite également de la fa?on dont la marginalisation du peuple amérindien au début du 19ème siècle fut un moyen par lequel la Nouvelle-Orléans et plus largement le sud-est sont entrés en adéquation avec la sensibilité américaine dominante. En même temps que se développait l’idée de ? préhistoire ?, les amérindiens du 19ième siècle furent écartés en temps qu’? autre culture ? et repoussés aux marges de la société de la Nouvelle-Orléans. Les tensions internes qui ont suivi, liées à leur assimilation et déplacement, ont entravées les efforts des Amérindiens contre la domination des Blancs, efforts déployés au cours des 100 années précédentes. Ceci co?ncidant avec l’invention de l’archéologie américaine comme la science de la préhistoire, cet article termine avec une discussion critique de la terminologie archéologique.
Resumen Esta ponencia explora una concepción de ser Indio/a en New Orleans que complica y localiza historias e identidades Indias. Propone que se puede abordar la noción de “ser Indio/a” no sólo a través de la historia y la arqueología de las personas, sino también como una identidad que hace que ser Indio/a sea en si mismo un artefacto producido por una amplia porción de gente en el desarrollo de New Orleans en los períodos coloniales y post-coloniales. Usando una lectura crítica de relaciones interculturales, exploro la evidencia arqueológica que sugiere que el New Orleans colonial fue creado en términos Indios y no-Indios por el intercambio. En este proceso la arqueología demuestra que ser Indio/a era parte de una estrategia colonial extensamente compartida que ubica una identidad India fluida en el centro de la historia local. La ponencia también considera la manera como la marginalización del pueblo Indio al comienzo del siglo XIX fue una forma a través de la cual New Orleans y el gran sudeste se conectaban con las sensibilidades norteamericanas dominantes. Al desarrollarse con la idea de “prehistoria”, los Nativos norteamericanos del siglo XIX fueron distanciados como un otro cultural y desplazados a los márgenes de la sociedad de New Orleans. Las tensiones internas subsiguientes de asimilación y extirpación torcieron el curso de los desafíos Indios al dominio blanco que habían estado usando en los últimos cien a?os. Como esta acción coincide con la invención de la arqueología norteamericana como la ciencia de la prehistoria, la ponencia concluye con una reflexión crítica de la terminología arqueológica.相似文献
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Pedro Paulo A. Funari 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》1997,1(3):189-206
This paper discusses the relationship between history and archaeology in general, their common concerns and links with historical archaeology. It deals with the development of historical archaeology in three related South American countries, Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, and pays attention to recent trends in the theory and practice of the discipline in the area. 相似文献
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African Archaeological Review - 相似文献
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Paul J. Lane 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2012,7(1):9-41
This paper provides an overview of previous archaeological research on shipwrecks and the maritime archaeology of the Western Indian Ocean and southern Red Sea. It highlights the early pioneering research on the Santo António de Tanná, wreck off Mombasa Island, before discussing more recent discoveries, surveys and excavations. Attention is drawn to the important distinction between ??shipwreck?? and ??maritime?? archaeology, and the need to develop integrated programmes aimed at investigating the diversity of the maritime heritage of these two regions. Particular attention is also drawn to the increased activity of treasure hunters and other threats to the underwater heritage of these regions, the need to sustain ongoing training and capacity building in maritime archaeology and for strengthening existing legislation. 相似文献
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Thomas J. Pluckhahn 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2010,18(4):331-385
This review highlights archaeological investigations of prehistoric and historic households in southeastern North America.
There are a number of inherent challenges to the archaeology of households in the region, including generally poor preservation
and a long history of relatively insubstantial domestic architecture. An appraisal of the historical development of household
archaeology developed slowly in the Southeast, largely in reaction to trends in other areas of the world. Over the last decade,
however, southeastern archaeologists have been at the vanguard of the application of new approaches to households. From an
early focus on generalizable patterns of domestic activities and behavior, researchers increasingly view households as historical
constructs situated within larger landscapes. Prominent areas of concern include enduring issues such as status variation,
production, and consumption but also newer themes such as gender, identity and ethnicity, agency and power, and ritual and
symbolism. Some of the most innovative studies explore the intersections of these topics. Conceptual and methodological challenges
remain, but the household endures as a practical and productive focus of analysis and interpretation for southeastern archaeologists
more than 30 years after household research in the area began. 相似文献
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Francis Allard 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》1998,2(4):321-341
Early Chinese texts speak of the Han state conquering the kingdom of Dian in southwest China in 109 B.C. The limited historical record is complemented by archaeolgical discoveries pointing to the presence in Yunnan province of a complex Bronze Age society whose association with the historical Dian has been generally accepted. Historiographic and nonprocessual in nature, archaeology in Yunnan has yet to generate the data needed for a deeper understanding of Dian social structure and change. Whatever its shortcomings, however, Dian archaeology plays a consistent and important role within a system of thought which gives preeminence to the historical record. 相似文献
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Mark Riley 《International Journal of Heritage Studies》2013,19(4):269-288
In the context of recent media, governmental, academic and popular attention and enthusiasm for debates surrounding the construction and meaning of the British countryside, this paper outlines the potential for oral history to make a contribution. Working in Devon, the authors outline how an oral history methodology can engage with the fields of landscape archaeology and heritage studies. As well as augmenting and supporting more traditional approaches to landscape, oral history techniques can be used to challenge and destabilise existing knowledge, thereby moving the process of ‘democratisation’ in knowledge construction of the rural landscape from practices of scientific ‘complicity’ towards one of critical engagement. 相似文献
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In the last two and a half decades there have been many advances in the technology available to archaeologists. As new technologies
have been used to challenge previously held hypotheses and expand the capabilities of current research, they also have assisted
the expansion of archaeology to include conflict archaeology. Although there has been a long history of interest in the material
remains of conflict, it is only recently that the necessary tools, methodology, and theoretical approaches have been combined
to allow serious scientific contributions to the holistic study of past human conflict. This article provides an overview
of the origins of conflict archaeology and research that has helped consolidate the subfield into its present form. We examine
the current state of conflict studies and consider what lies ahead for conflict archaeology. 相似文献
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Barbara J. Little 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》1997,1(2):179-187
United States national programs for historic preservation have a great influence on public memory and commemoration. Decisions about what may be listed in the National Register of Historic Places or designated a National Historic Landmark may commemorate or silence parts of the past. Historians invoke the concept of integrity as a gatekeeper to control access to these lists. Archaeologists have the opportunity to contest some of the imposed silences and make these lists more inclusive of underrepresented groups. 相似文献
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Thomas F. Tartaron 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2008,16(2):83-161
This article surveys archaeological work of the last decade on the Greek Bronze Age, part of the broader discipline known
as Aegean prehistory. Naturally, the literature is vast, so I focus on a set of topics that may be of general interest to
non-Aegeanists: chronology, regional studies, the emergence and organization of archaic states, ritual and religion, and archaeological
science. Greek Bronze Age archaeology rarely appears in the comparative archaeological literature; accordingly, in this article
I place this work in the context of world archaeology, arguing for a reconsideration of the potential of Aegean archaeology
to provide enlightening comparative material. 相似文献