共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
Nan A. Rothschild 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2006,10(1):72-107
A comparison of two seventeenth-century colonial encounters in North America, examining the Pueblo–Spanish interaction in New Mexico and the Mohawk–Dutch situation in New York. I focus on material culture flows, the role of women, forms of labor that were extracted in each setting and how each of these contributed to power relations and identity construction.
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Nan A. RothschildEmail: |
2.
Sam Willis 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2009,4(1):51-65
This article demonstrates the potential of an historical archaeology of smuggling and the value of an interdisciplinary approach
to the study of smuggling and its prevention. By exploring the previously unstudied history of the King’s Pipe in Falmouth,
a large chimney used for the destruction of tobacco, a rare survivor of many that once existed in England’s port cities, it
demonstrates that archaeology could transform our understanding of smuggling and its prevention, and more broadly the history
of crime and punishment in eighteenth century England.
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Sam WillisEmail: |
3.
Tim Murray 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2006,10(4):291-298
The research reported in this special issue details research undertaken at the site of Casselden Place in Melbourne, Australia.
In addition to providing specific information about this site, this collaborative effort demonstrates how the theory and practice
of the archaeology of the modern city has developed and matured.
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Tim MurrayEmail: |
4.
William H. Walker Michael Brian Schiffer 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(2):67-88
This paper explores the materiality of social power relationally through study of social interactions with artifacts. Specifically, it is argued that acquisition of an artifact instantiates social power by imposing interactions on groups taking part in that artifact's life-history activities. We introduce the “performance-preference matrix,” an analytic tool for systematically studying the effects of such acquisition events on activity groups. The use of the performance-preference matrix is illustrated through an example: the acquisition of electric-arc lights for lighthouses in the 19th century. Suggestions are offered for analyzing culture-contact situations and for handling singularized artifacts such as heirlooms and monuments.
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William H. WalkerEmail: |
5.
J. D. Lewis-Williams 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(4):341-375
Southern African rock art research has progressed from an essentially denigrating social and political milieu, through an
empiricist period, to contemporary social and historical approaches. Empiricism, once thought to be the salvation of southern
African rock art research, was a theoretically and methodologically flawed enterprise. Attempts to see the art through an
emic perspective facilitated by copious nineteenth- and twentieth-century San ethnography is a more useful approach. It began
briefly, but was then abandoned, in the nineteenth century. Today, diverse theoretical and methodological approaches are being
constructed on an ethnographic foundation. The centrality of the San in South African national identity has been recognized.
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J. D. Lewis-WilliamsEmail: |
6.
Ericka Engelstad 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):217-234
Numerous publications on gender archaeology present case studies that incorporate gender in their analyses, but make little
use of feminist theory and critique, and are ambivalent or negative to feminism. Aspects of Norwegian, British and American
gender archaeology are discussed in relation to a desire for the ‘mainstream.’ The reasons for, and consequences of, a lack
of feminist theorizing and engagement are related to Donna Haraway’s concept of situated knowledges.
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Ericka EngelstadEmail: |
7.
How to Make an Unfired Clay Cooking Pot: Understanding the Technological Choices Made by Arctic Potters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karen G. Harry Lisa Frink Brendan O’Toole Andreas Charest 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2009,16(1):33-50
Between about 500 a.d. and the late nineteenth century, clay cooking pots associated with the Thule culture were produced in the Arctic region.
Ethnographic and archaeological records indicate that these vessels were typically underfired (often even unfired), highly
porous, and easily broken. Despite these characteristics, the evidence indicates that they were used to heat water over open
fires. In this paper, we examine how Arctic potters were able to produce unsintered vessels capable of holding liquids without
disintegrating. We conclude that the application of seal oil and seal blood to the pot’s surface was the key to their success.
相似文献
Karen G. HarryEmail: |
8.
Jeffrey R. Ferguson 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2008,15(1):51-67
Archaeologists frequently underestimate the importance of children as well as craft skill acquisition in the formation of
archaeological assemblages. Perhaps even more often they conflate the terms “novice” and “child” in ways that oversimplify
the factors that are involved in incorporating new producers into craft production. In particular, the skill acquisition involved
in stone tool production is influenced by a variety of factors, including danger, raw material value, raw material availability,
and raw material recyclability, as well as a variety of social factors. This paper examines the influence of each of these
factors and also suggests patterns useful in recognizing and distinguishing between novices and children in the archaeological
record.
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Jeffrey R. FergusonEmail: |
9.
Kathryn J. Weedman 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(3):188-237
The significance of flaked stone tool variation has been a source of great archaeological debate for over 100 years. Even though evidence for stone tool hafting exists as far back as the Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age, there is a dearth of information concerning how hafting affects stone tool technology. This ethnoarchaeological study of hafted stone scrapers among the Gamo of southern Ethiopia examines why a single cultural group utilizes two different hafts, which generate different lithic morphologies, technologies, and spatial distributions. The relationships between history, environment, and social group membership are explored to demonstrate how these associations create variation in technological practices.
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Kathryn J. WeedmanEmail: |
10.
Matthew Harpster 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2008,3(1):3-13
Between 1967 and 1974, the island of Cyprus was a centre of maritime archaeology in the eastern Mediterranean. Individuals
such as Michael and Susan Katzev, George Bass, Jeremy Green and Richard Steffy were living on and visiting the island, and
testing and developing methods still common in the discipline. The hostilities on Cyprus in the summer of 1974 and the implementation
of international regulations limiting archaeological work in the northern portion of the island, however, had repercussions
still evident today. This article summarizes past maritime archaeological work along the northern coastline, addresses the
regulations limiting archaeological activity in the region and discusses a new training program licensed by the Nautical Archaeology
Society aiding in the protection of the island’s maritime heritage representing approximately 10,000 years of activity.
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Matthew HarpsterEmail: |
11.
12.
Through a discussion of the intentions behind two hypertext works, Ruth Tringham’s Chimera Web and Rosemary Joyce’s Sister Stories, we present an argument that the new digital media offer unique opportunities for feminist archaeology to realize some of
its deepest values. Through the medium of hypermedia and hypertext (multilinear) narratives the complexities of the feminist
practice of archaeology (including its multivocal interpretive process) can be grasped, enjoyed, and participated in by a
non-archaeological audience more fluidly than in traditional linear texts. We draw attention to the way in which recent developments
in digital technology, especially through the Internet, have transformed our ability to share freely the fruits of our creative
thought with an ever-expanding audience.
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Ruth E. Tringham (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
R. Alexander Bentley 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(3):135-187
Strontium isotope analysis of archaeological skeletons has provided useful and exciting results in archaeology in the last 20 years, particularly by characterizing past human migration and mobility. This review covers the biogeochemical background, including the origin of strontium isotope compositions in rocks, weathering and hydrologic cycles that transport strontium, and biopurification of strontium from to soils, to plants, to animals and finally into the human skeleton, which is subject to diagenesis after burial. Spatial heterogeneity and mixing relations must often be accounted for, rather than simply ``matching' a measured strontium isotope value to a presumed single-valued geologic source. The successes, limitations and future potential of the strontium isotope technique are illustrated through case studies from geochemistry, biogeochemistry, ecology and archaeology.
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R. Alexander BentleyEmail: |
14.
Julie Satchell 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2008,3(2):103-118
This paper examines the work of the Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology (HWTMA) in developing informal education
approaches and initiatives. It introduces the aims and ethos of the HWTMA which focuses on embedding education and learning
into all aspects of its work, before exploring ways in which its fieldwork and research programme are utilised to help deliver
a range of educational opportunities to a diverse range of groups and individuals. There is a review of the possibilities
for skill development through practical involvement which is illustrated with case study examples, followed by discussion
of broader approaches, including publications, talks and exhibits. This review underpins discussion of a recent project ‘Maritime
Archaeology Access and Learning Workshops’ which aimed to ‘educate the educators’, and has demonstrated the potential for
this approach to make a significant contribution to increasing the profile of maritime archaeology within informal learning
frameworks. The paper concludes by reviewing the experience of these regionally-based initiatives in relation to the expansion
of maritime archaeology within the UK and suggests ways that lessons learned could be drawn upon in the development of emerging
national approaches.
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Julie SatchellEmail: URL: www.hwtma.org.uk |
15.
Archaeology in Europe has changed a great deal over the last 25 years and these changes have certainly affected maritime archaeology.
As such they also define the practical skills that are needed. On the one hand of course, unlike other branches of European
archaeology, maritime archaeology still has a major preoccupation with a well-funded ‘treasure-hunting’ industry and no lack
of ill-defined and ill-considered project initiatives. High ethical standards are therefore necessary and the public debate
should continue. But within the structure of archaeology and its management at large, maritime archaeology should also show
what its major contributions can be. It can only do so if sufficiently trained personnel are available. It is against this
background that the Maritime Archaeology Programme at SDU in Esbjerg is being shaped. This paper reviews developments in the
field and outlines the approach to education developed at SDU in response.
相似文献
Jens AuerEmail: |
16.
Joan M. Gero 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):311-327
In this paper I argue that the practice of archaeology over-emphasizes and over-rewards unambiguous certainty in our interpretations,
even though our conclusions are usually drawn from necessarily partial, underdetermined and complex evidence. I argue that
full or partial erasure of ambiguity from our data and from our interpretive assertions does not serve the long-term interests
of the discipline; that a feminist practice aimed at more nuanced understandings of the past and open to more subtle, multivalenced
notions of reality, must accept ambiguity as a central feature of archaeological interpretation. After I review familiar strategies
that are used to obscure troubling areas of uncertainty in archaeology, I urge feminist practice to resist employing these
“mechanisms of closure” in our work. It is only by openly recognizing and preserving the ambiguity that resides in messy data
arrangements today that we stand any hope of fuller and richer understandings in the future.
相似文献
Joan M. GeroEmail: |
17.
Anthony P. Andrews Rafael Burgos Villanueva Luis Millet Cámara 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2006,10(2):179-205
The emergence of capitalism in the peninsula of Yucatán is generally presented as a process resulting from the capitalization
of the agricultural sector and the export of products from its sugar, cotton, and henequén plantations in the nineteenth century.
In addition to these products, the peninsula also had a dynamic coastal economy in which the harvesting of salt and the extraction
of logwood (Haematoxylum campechianum), played a major role and contributed to the flow of goods to international markets.
We present a preliminary archaeological survey and historical documentation of El Real de Salinas, a salt-producing port on
the north coast of Campeche, which was also involved in the extraction of other coastal products and closely linked to the
inland plantation system.
相似文献
Anthony P. AndrewsEmail: |
18.
Karen D. Lupo 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2006,13(1):19-66
This paper uses rationale derived from central place foraging models to explore the factors that guide the carcass processing and transport decisions of modern hunters. Using data derived from butchering experiments, I test different economic indices that purportedly reflect the field processing and transport decisions of contemporary African Hadza hunter-gatherers. The results show that no single index predicts part processing and transport for the species examined in this analysis. Processing and transport decisions are, however, patterned in ways that are consistent with theoretical predictions. While similar processes likely guide carcass treatment and transport decisions among all hunter-gatherers, different ecological, social, and historical constraints define the range of solutions to problems involving carcass treatment. In this specific example, intertaxonomic differences in carcass size and bone properties constrain how the trade-offs between field processing and transport costs are resolved. I conclude by suggesting ways in which analysts might make use of central place foraging rationale and models to explain variation in skeletal representation and abundances across time and space.
相似文献
Karen D. LupoEmail: |
19.
Paul Roscoe 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2009,16(2):69-116
Small-scale society furnishes the bread and butter of archeological research. Yet our understanding of what these communities
did and how they achieved their purpose is still rudimentary. Using the ethnography of contact-era New Guinea, this paper
presents a “social signaling” model of small-scale social systems that archeologists may find useful for contextualizing and
interpreting the material record of these societies. It proposes that the organization of small-scale society was oriented,
among other goals, towards biological and social reproduction, subsistence optimization, and military defense. To advance
these multiple collective interests, however, these communities had to deal with three problems: an optimality problem, a
conflict-of-interest problem, and a free-rider problem. The optimality problem was solved with a modular (or segmented) social
structure, the conflict-of-interest problem by a process of social signaling, and these two solutions together operated to
resolve the free-rider problems they created. In addition to explaining the structure and function of small-scale societies,
the model provides a unified framework that can account for the ceremonial behaviors, core cultural conceptions, and leadership
forms that these societies generated.
相似文献
Paul RoscoeEmail: |
20.
Gordon Noble 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2006,1(1):100-117
Utilising recent observations by Phillips (2003) on the location of chambered cairns in Orkney in relation to the sea this paper attempts to explain why megalithic monuments cluster in particular locations. In the past, the distribution of cairns has been related to the levels of survival in marginal locations. However, monument locations, from across Scotland, demonstrate that clustering was a feature of monumental distribution in the past. From a maritime perspective it becomes easier to understand these groupings in Orkney as the product of interactions between widely dispersed island communities. Utilising a long-term perspective it is possible to use the relative patterning of monuments of different ages to suggest the changing audiences to whom these monuments were addressed. For example, the clustering of Earlier Neolithic monuments in Orkney, in places that form important linking locales, suggests a role for these monuments involving establishing and maintaining links between island groups within the Orkney archipelago. The location of later Neolithic monumental complexes, on the other hand, suggests the importance of inter-regional maritime contact at precisely the time when such contacts are strikingly evident in the archaeological record. It is argued that a closer integration of our approaches to land and sea is needed if we are to understand the nature of long distance contacts in the past.
相似文献
Gordon NobleEmail: |