扶风出土的唐善业佛及相关问题

唐代是中国佛教的鼎盛时期,随着佛教社会化和世俗化程度的进一步提高,从魏晋以降迅速发展起来的修寺造像之风到唐代日益兴盛,而善业佛作为佛教造像的一种特殊形式,在当时亦有了发展。本文仅就扶风出土的善业佛及其渊源、用途等问题略作考述。     

湖北巴东新出佛教造像及初步研究

本文介绍了湖北三峡库区巴东县孔包河遗址新出的一件青铜佛教造像,在形制、考古发掘情况分析的基础上,结合峡江其它地区的发现,初步将其定为唐代的造像。并进一步结合文献的记载,探讨了唐代巴东地区佛教传播的情况,同时指出该发现对于峡江地区沿江河聚落的信仰内涵及佛教造像系统分区研究均具显著意义。     

广元出土佛教石刻造像

广元市豫剧团基建工地曾出土佛教石刻造像13尊,时间从北魏至唐代,其中北魏延昌三年造像、北周刘约造像碑对研究广元北朝石窟的分期具有十分重要的意义。     

浅谈石窟考古断代方法与样式研究--《慈善寺与麟溪桥》读后

陕西省麟游县是该省佛教石窟造像地点相对集中的地区。特别是在隋唐皇室夏宫九成宫周围．分布着一些唐代的石窟造像。以慈善寺石窟与麟溪桥摩崖造像为代表。是我们分析唐代长安佛教造像样式的重要参考资料。慈善寺石窟包括3所大窟与10个造像龛。麟溪桥则有18个造     

四川汶川出土的南朝佛教石造像

1989年12月,四川省汶川县出土一批南朝佛教石造像,因出土地点为唐代仁寿寺的旧址,故判断这批造像原供奉于该寺院。这是继1921年四川茂县出土南朝齐永明造像之后,又一次在岷江上游地区出土南朝佛教造像,因此具有重要意义。造像中有或为一释迦二弥勒佛的三佛题材,以及双观音的组合形式,这为研究四川地区南朝佛教造像样式、题材内容以及传播路线等问题提供了新的重要图像资料。     

浅析南涅水石刻的造像艺术特色

山西沁县南涅水石刻历经北魏、北齐、隋、唐、五代十国、宋等六个朝代,一直延续至北宋天圣九年,至今已有1500年历史了。石刻内容集中表现了佛教人物、佛传故事、佛教经律、佛教文化艺术及崇佛故事等;形式上可分为塔形造像、个体造像、文字造像碑及刻像石四大类型。品种繁多,可组合移动,造像塔下大上小逐渐收分,五节七节叠垒成方柱形,单体造像多分为佛、菩萨、罗汉,形制不同于云冈和龙门石窟。     

南诏时期“善业泥”初探

南诏时期“善业泥”可分为泥佛像、泥塔和梵文咒语泥牌三类,其中泥佛像包括单尊造像和组合造像,从出土位置、造像风格及历史背景来看,其年代应在南诏晚期。根据造像特征、伴出物和文献记载情况,南诏时期的“善业泥”主要受唐代中原地区的影响。同时,南诏出土的部分“善业泥”可能受吐蕃的影响,这或许为探索两者的文化交流提供了线索。而南诏与东南亚地区的交流,在实物和文献方面都有发现,南诏出土的梵文咒语泥牌可能源于这一区域。在咒语泥牌放置、出土位置、造像题材方面,南诏“善业泥”也形成了一些地方特色,这些地方特色的形成应与南诏晚期佛教的发展密切相关,是南诏国力强盛后自身意识不断提高,进而追求与唐朝同等政治地位的历史背景的反映。     

武安市沿平村唐代石塔

武安市沿平村石塔为方形密檐式塔,塔座、塔身及塔心室有精美的佛教题材雕饰和造像,其造型结构、雕刻内容和艺术风格均具有典型的唐代特征,当属唐代佛教鼎盛时期的作品。     

中国佛教造像美学管窥

佛教起源于印度,于汉明帝永平十年(67年)传入我国。佛教造像作为佛教传播的必然产物,经由僧人与艺术家的参与,并且经过中国文明与智慧的融合,创造了高度的佛教艺术成就。它最集中的地方是全国各地遗存的许多大大小小的石窟,其中最有代表性的是云冈、龙门、麦积山、敦煌四大石窟。这些石窟的佛教造像的数目是十分惊人的。除石窟造像外,还有利用整座山雕凿成巨大佛像的,如著名的四川乐山大佛。至于全国各地一般寺庙中佛教造像几乎随处可见,难以数计。这些佛教造像与佛教壁画一样,作为一种特定历史时期的宗教宣传品,展现诸佛菩萨的庄严圣洁,弥…     

略谈中国佛教造像中弥勒形象的演变

弥勒佛是中国佛教中地位很高的崇拜对象。晋代中原地区已经流行弥勒信仰,十六国时期,西北地区的石窟中出现了弥勒造像。弥勒造像原为佛装和菩萨装两种类型,后在长期的演变中产生了多种式样。宋代以布袋和尚形象代替的汉化弥勒造像产生,其后广泛流行开来。本文通过对大量弥勒造像的分析排比,探讨了中国古代弥勒造像的特征与演变过程。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.