中国金融国际化探究

金融国际化趋势是金融市场的必然化趋势,金融市场的国际化进程加快了金融资本的跨国际流通,资本的国际化趋势进而带来生产、消费等领域的国际化趋势。金融国际化在国家间友好交流贸易合作方面发挥重要作用,为国际和谐关系的构建作出了突出的贡献。同时,金融的国际化发展趋势也是国家贸易经济发展水平提高的标识。然而,金融国际化进程在带来巨大收益的同时,也存在一定程度的风险。     

建设公共服务型政府之我见

建设公共服务型政府,是发展社会主义市场经济、贯彻和落实科学发展观、实现社会和谐发展的客观要求。目前,我国在建设公共服务型政府方面,既取得了明显的成就,也存在着一些亟待解决的问题。笔者认为,建设公共服务型政府,必须转变执政理念,改进服务方式,提高行政能力,转变行政职能。     

青海金融生态环境存在的问题及改进对策

金融生态环境问题日益受到社会的广泛关注。积极推进富裕、文明、和谐新青海建设的进程,必须高度关注金融生态环境．切实解决金融生态环境面临的突出问题,从而以优化的金融生态环境为经济的又好又快发展提供持续支持。     

和谐社区:构建和谐社会的基本点

社区和谐与否,直接关系到整个社会的和谐发展。一个健康、成熟的和谐社区,应该是社区与政府、社区与企业、社区与社会、社区与自然、社区与居民良性互动的社区,是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社区。但目前社区建设中还存在许多不和谐的因素,社区发展的规模、水平和质量,都与构建和谐社区的目标要求有很大差距。因此,我们要改革社区管理体制,充分发挥基层政府和社区居民自治的作用;完善社区服务体系,提高居民生活质量;加强社区法制建设,搞好社区治安综合管理。     

广州“一二·五”金融斗争的历史考察

为打击猖獗的金融投机活动,1949年12月5日,广州展开了取缔地下钱庄和街边兑换钱档的行动,并开展向商人进行支前借款和组织群众进行拥护人民币宣传运动作为配合,史称"一二·五"金融斗争。在斗争期间,广州军管会在打击金融投机活动的同时并未立即禁止港币流通,体现了在原则上的坚定性和策略上的灵活性。通过这次金融斗争,政府加强了对金融领域的管控,同时提高了社会民众对新政权的认同。     

马寅初财政、金融改革建言的逻辑依据和理路

财政、金融关系论是马寅初在民国时期提出各种财政、金融改革建言的逻辑依据和理路,其基本内涵是依托西方古典经济学的健全财政理论,告诫民国政府要严格划分财政、金融的职能界限,尽量杜绝滥发纸币以满足财政需要的错误政策和行为。马寅初的财政、金融关系论形成的历史原因是民国时期始终存在的政府肆意利用金融的纸币发行职能来解决自身财政困难的政策。由于民国时期战乱频繁,政府财政一直处于入不敷出的赤字财政状态,尽管马寅初的财政、金融关系论虽然在学理上是正确的,但只对抗日战争初期国民政府财政金融政策的制定和实施产生过短暂的历史影响。     

中国金融立法探究

金融立法既是对金融机构、金融业务主体和金融业务法律关系的规范和调整,也是对金融监督管理者自身行政行为的规范和约束。金融法律制度的最根本目的就是防范金融风险,规范和调整金融监督管理者、金融机构、金融机构客户之间的法律关系,强调对金融机构客户合法权益的保护,通过在政府失灵的领域强化监督管理,发挥市场在金融发展中的主导作用,实现金融管制与市场自律之间的平衡和协调发展。     

浅谈金融生态环境的保护

金融生态环境,直接决定金融的畅通以及金融市场的活跃性,金融生态环境对一个国家或地区经济繁荣与社会进步具有极其关键的影响。树立利用其他资金以发展经济、依靠政府桥梁作用与企业联合发展、打破信贷限制、树立包含人文理念的金融方面的全新理念,因此,金融生态环境的保护需要在组织、诚信和担保方面健全其体系,完善金融保障系统,进而优化金融生态环境,促进金融的转型发展。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区的盐业

食盐是陕甘宁边区的特产之一,主要分布在三边分区定边、盐池县的北部。边区在盐业经营中私有制和公有制并存。1940 年前边区的盐业生产、运输、销售都是自流的,政府只征少量的税。之后,边区政府专门成立盐务局,对盐业的生产、运输、销售进行管理。边区政府积极开发这一资源优势,使盐业成为边区经济的支柱产业。抗战时期,由于边区政府的有效管理,使盐业在边区经济建设中发挥了重要作用,增加了边区政府的财政收入,打破了国民党顽固派的经济封锁,稳定了边区的金融秩序和平抑了物价;提高了人民生活水平     

社会和谐指数：政府绩效评估的重要指标

社会和谐作为政府在协调社会诸种利益主体的关系,维护社会秩序、进步与稳定等方面的工作业绩和客观效果,是评估政府绩效的重要指标。本文分析了社会和谐指标是一个由自然资源可持续发展指数、基尼系数、城乡收入比、社会自组织能力指数、公众安全感和公民幸福指数6个子指标组成的综合指数,还对社会和谐指数的测度进行了探讨。     

Community asset transfer and strategies of local accumulation

Community asset transfer enables local groups to own or manage a government-owned facility and related services. For critics, it is merely an extension of rollback neoliberalism, permitting the state to withdraw from welfare and transfer risk from local government to ill-defined communities. The paper uses quantitative and case-study data from Northern Ireland to demonstrate its transformative potential by challenging the notion of private property rights, enabling communities to accumulate and creating local consumption circuits. It suggests that asset-led social enterprises are entangled in a mix of pro-market and alternative economic strategies which are necessarily traded off each other in the reproduction of social value. There is not an ethically pure form of asset transfer but the tactical adaptation of different modes of working, including the enhancement of state services as well as more independent forms of economic and social organisation. However, the analysis points to the political weaknesses of three specific projects and in particular, the lack of corporate working that has limited their reformist potential. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for more progressive forms of social economics and the skills, finance and practices that facilitate local accumulation strategies.     

"近代城市发展与社会转型"学术研讨会综述

近代以来,城市发展引领着中国社会转型,社会转型以城市发展为先驱,为中心,为标识,为推力。而社会转型的过程,同样对于城市发展有着反馈与推动的作用。在城市化问题和社会转型话题愈来愈受人们普遍关注的当下,出席东华大学与上海市档案馆联合主办的“近代城市发展与社会转型”学术研讨会的学者们,以城市史与社会史复合研究为视野,分别就城市发展与社会变迁、城市管理与城市文化、工商金融与城市比较、社会群体暨重要人物、重大事件等方面进行了深入研讨,试图探寻历史的经验和教训,为现实提供借鉴与启示。     

民初北京政府的治国困境——以减政主义为中心

因为财政支绌,减政主义一度成为民初北京政府的执政理念.然而,在民初复杂的社会背景下,非但减政政策执行不力,还损害了其他政令的推行,产生了一定的负面影响.在一定程度上讲,减政政策是北京政府不得已而为之的政策,因为一旦触及既得利益者的利益,必然会激化各种矛盾而不利于初定的社会秩序.因此,甘冒风险推行减政主义则正是民初北京政府深陷困境的集中体现.     

陈云与新中国货币制度建设

陈云是我国金融工作的卓越领导者。陈云金融管理的核心思想,一是强调货币发行权集中于中央,二是反对通货膨胀,保持物价稳定。建国初期,在他的指导下,我国建立了新型的货币管理制度,开始在货币发行与流通、银行信贷、企业结算等方面实施有效的管理;我国于1955年3月顺利发行人民币新币,完成了货币制度划时代的重大革新;他还领导经济管理部门积极探索稳定人民币币值的有效途径,为我国平抑物价、治理通货膨胀积累了成功的经验。     

Minding the Undertow: Assessing Water "Privatization" in Cuba

Abstract:  The privatization and commercialization of water has proven to be one of the most controversial policy developments of the past 20 years. Largely associated with the neoliberalization of the world economy, it comes as a surprise to many that the socialist government of Cuba signed a 25-year contract with a Spanish multinational in 2000 to manage the supply of water in Havana. This paper provides an historical context for water reforms in the country and the first comprehensive study of this little-known contract. Based on key interviews and primary documentation we argue that there are no easy explanations for why the contract was signed, or whether it has achieved its objectives. There are, however, interesting lessons to be learned for public–private partnerships elsewhere in the world, and insights into the changing fabric of socialism in Cuba.     

上海私营金融业与"三反""五反"运动

"三反"五反"运动从经济、政治、思想诸方面对上海私营金融业所产生的影响都是前所未有的.正是在"三反"五反"中,私营金融业业务情况急转直下,传统市场迅速萎缩;资方受到极大的震慑,从业人士思想动摇;同业组织边缘化,无法正常运作."三反"五反"运动客观上加速了上海金融业由私营向公私合营转化的进程.上海私营金融业,作为一种行业,已经走到了历史的尽头.     

从蠲赈到减赋——明朝灾害政策转变的三个个案

明朝处理灾害政策,在明初曾有明显的转变过程,即从以官方一次性蠲赈与减免租赋,逐渐演变为普遍的减赋与减赋后的地方救助。这主要是因为明朝中央集权能力的下降和基层社会空间的变化,以及明初伴随着国家总体政策由重赋向减轻赋税的变化,从而引发其后应灾政策的变化。     

Currency Issues and Financial Crises: The Excessive Issuance of Banknotes and Price Fluctuations during the “New Policies” Period in the Late Qing

In the New Policies period of the late Qing, the central government’s power had declined due to an expansion of power at the local-government level. After gaining the right to independently fundraise during the Self-Strengthening Movement, local governments also obtained the privilege of issuing currency. Following a downward trend in China’s fiscal power, the issuance of banknotes by local government had become a noticeable problem. The influence of foreign banks in China, meanwhile, was continuing to expand, the increasing number of countries involved as well as the growing number of banks being just two examples. Because the central government lacked strong supervision, the rate of issuance of banknotes by foreign banks thus gradually increased, leading to growing prices. In addition, this dispersion of financial power further boosted inflation. Since the Qing government focused on reforming its approaches to finance and strengthening its central role during the New Policies, reorganizing its banknote policy was its primary agenda. However, to a large extent, the policy was guided by the idea that monetary policy should be subordinate to financial needs. Thus, the very limited effect of the Qing government’s banknote-reorganization policy also marked the regime’s failure to bring about the modernization of China.     

Divided Government and the Rise of Social Regulation

Political scientists have debated the causes of divided government since the Reagan administration. In addition, a handful of scholars have also pondered the possible consequences of divided party rule for politics and policy. Still, one serious oversight in the divided'government literature is the potential consequences of divided party rule for the types of policy pursued during divided and unified party regimes. Divided government may create incentives for conflicting institutions to use social regulation debates, often considered the most divisive public policy debates, as "wedges" in order to damage the opposing party in future elections. Each party also has an incentive to embrace social regulation in order to reaffirm its allegiance to its core constituency. This article tests the hypothesis that divided government produces more important social regulation votes than unified government. I define the population of important votes as all Key Votes in the House of Representatives from 1953 to 1998. The data analysis reveals that important social regulation votes are in fact more prominent during eras of divided government than during unified party control. This finding has potential implications for the tenor of our national politics as well as the public trust.     

Direct Taxation and State–Society Relations in Lagos,Nigeria

Existing research suggests that external sources of finance, such as foreign aid and natural resource rents, allow states to generate revenue independently of their societies, disincentivizing them from forming close links with their citizens and severely problematizing the notion of a social contract. In Lagos, Nigeria's commercial capital, a series of personal income tax reforms have seen an increase in taxpayer compliance. Considering Lagosians’ perceptions of their relation with the state government, this study examines whether the state had to ‘earn’ its revenue by developing a closer relationship with its citizens, and whether citizens responded through a greater willingness to pay tax. It explores how citizens understand this relationship, what role they perceive themselves to fulfil, and what their expectations are for the future of state–society relations. The study shows how, through efforts to visibly link tax to service delivery, a social contract is emerging between Lagos State and its citizens — but that this relationship differs among groups, in that it is shaped by pre‐existing concepts of public organization and modes of political engagement.