论黄埔军校对中国军政体制的影响

作为中国军事史上具有重大影响的军校,国共合作的产物黄埔军校,一方面,培养出来的人才,毫无疑问是中国军队里的灵魂人物;另一方面,其军政体制对共产党、国民党两党创建军队影响深刻。由此可以说,黄埔军校是培育两岸中国军队军政体制的摇篮。     

“黄埔慈母”廖仲恺

黄埔军校,既为国民党军队培养了不少高级将领, 也为我们军队造就了不少高级指挥人才。在中国的革 命史上,它是一座不可忽视的丰碑。廖仲恺,这位国民 堂元老,为了创办这所军校,鞠躬尽瘁,因而被誉为“黄 埔慈母”。     

“黄埔兹母”廖仲恺

黄埔军校．既为国民党军队培养了不少高级将领．也为我们军队造就了不少高级指挥人才。在中国的革命史上,它是一座不可忽视的丰碑。廖仲恺,这位国民党元老,为了创办这所军校,鞠躬尽瘁,因而被誉为“黄埔慈母”。[编者按]     

邓演达与黄埔军校的创建

黄埔军校是中国现代史上著名的军事学校,在轰轰烈烈的国民革命时期,该校曾荣获“国民革命中心”和“东方红军”的美称.邓演达是大革命时期著名的国民党左派,曾协助孙中山、廖仲恺创办黄埔军校,军校建成后先后担任教练部副主任和教育长等职务.在军校中他以维护国共合作,发展国民革命的大局为重,始终站在革命一边,真诚地与共产党人团结合作,为黄埔军校的建设、革命骨干的培养做出了一定贡献.     

一则关于黄埔军校复试落第考生史料的考析

正孙中山先生晚年亲手创建的黄埔军校,在中国军事史及中国近现代史上具有极其重要的地位。黄埔军校创建及招生取录经过,随着原始史料的不断披露和学界多年的考证,重大事件和时间节点已基本明晰。然而,军校创建初期的许多细节问题,仍未能完全披露于众。2016年,笔者在台湾找到一封当年黄埔军校校长蒋中正就军校复试落第生如何处置事,致     

黄埔军校与成都

一、我的黄埔情缘 黄埔军校（即陆军军官学校）这个响亮的名字,与美国西典军校及前苏联伏龙芝军校齐名,威震中外。八十多年来一直吸引着中国人民和世界人民的目光。黄埔军校是1924年1月国共合作的产物,是中华民族以武力反抗帝国主义侵略和封建势力压迫的象征。黄埔军校的革命精神是中华民族的宝贵财富,值得我们永远继承和发扬。世人敬仰它的盖世武功,探寻它那种神秘的组织和教学方法,直到现在经久不衰。黄埔军校有自已的历史轨迹,经历了东征、北伐、抗日战争三个特殊的历史阶段。     

抗战时期的黄埔军校与贵州

抗战时期的黄埔军校情况复杂,不仅分校众多,且不少军校生由军校委托各专门军事学校代训,仍属军校建制。抗战时期,黄埔军校四分校及为军校代训的三所专门军事学校迁入贵州。贵州为军校的发展提供了相对稳定的环境,培养大批基层军官,有力地保存了抗日力量。军校也对当地教育等方面产生了积极影响。     

黄埔军校驻省办事处地址之考辨

1924年2月,陆军军官学校（因军校始设黄埔长洲岛,故通称“黄埔军校”）在广州南堤设立筹备处,历时三个多月,讨论决定了军校创设之初的校章、教职员的任免、学生的招考等各种事项。5月9日军校开课后,改为驻省办事处。驻省办事处伴随着黄埔军校在广州的办学而存在,直至1930年9月黄埔军校在广州停办,驻省办事处也随之裁撤。     

孙中山在黄埔军校照片考释一则

正黄埔军校是孙中山为建立革命军队、培养军事骨干而建立的,是孙中山救国救民的希望所在。孙中山曾数次前往军校视察,并留下了珍贵影像。在这些影像当中,有一张照片究竟摄于何时一直存在争议。余齐昭认为此照是1924年11月3日孙中山视察黄埔军校时的合影;王耿雄则认为此照应是1924年6月16日黄埔军校开学典礼时的照片。两人各执己见,谁也无法说服对方。与之相对应的是,有一部分图录的编辑采用了余的看法,而另一部分图录的     

黄埔一期的国民党上将

1922年6月,陈炯明叛变,一度使孙中山陷入绝境。这次事变使这位革命先行者深切意识到建立自己军队的必要性。之后在与苏联、中共的多次会谈后,确定了建立军校的方案。1923年1月23日,孙中山以军政府大元帅名义正式下令筹建军校,命名为中国国民党陆军军官学校,因其所在地为黄埔而被称为黄埔军校。学校以孙中山为总理,蒋介石为校长,廖仲恺为中国国民党党代表,初设政治、教授、训练、管理、军需和军医六部。一时间国共两党精英都在军校任职任教,培养出了大量人才。     

Inevitability,masculinity, and the American military tradition: the committee on the conduct of the war investigates the American Civil War

This essay examines the work of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, a joint select committee of investigation formed by Congress during the American Civil War. During its tenure in the 37^th and 38^th sessions of Congress, the Committee investigated almost every aspect of Union military operations; however, its principal concern was the examination of Union military defeats. Members of the Committee on the Conduct of the War were influenced by the notion of inevitable Union victory. As self‐made men who had achieved a degree of success in the emerging market economy of nineteenth‐century America, Committee members exemplified the period's predominate concept of masculinity. Also skeptical of military science and distrustful of the United States military academy at West Point, the Committee showed a marked preference for volunteer soldiers and officers throughout the war. Believing that West Point generals who endorsed strategic maneuver were cowardly and disloyal, Committee members were frequently critical of regular army officers in their investigations. Confusing the rhetoric of ‘hard war’ with military competence, the Committee's disdain for military education caused it to endorse incompetent military leadership and advocate mediocre generals for high command.     

Breaking the covenant: governance of the British army in the twenty-first century

This article argues that the military covenant between senior army commanders and soldiers is breaking down for two reasons: first, British forces are being engaged in new and controversial wars of choice, putting new and distinct pressures on the covenant; and second because senior military commanders have not fully appreciated the changes to their authority and power in governing the British army. It further suggests that military commanders, central staff and ministers need to acknowledge the scale of the internal challenges to the military covenant and develop appropriate responses. Drawing on examples from gender equality and sexual orientation, allegations of war crimes in Iraq, the military's duty of care and the proposed launch of a British Armed Forces Federation, this article argues that these challenges show that the military leadership has no choice but to rethink its outdated approach to governance of the British army, if it is to remain fi t for purpose. Without appropriate adaptation, army chiefs will have themselves contributed to the breaking of the military covenant, between the army and the individual soldier.     

20世纪90年代的中国军事变革

20世纪90年代,中国充分利用世界军事变革的形势和冷战结束后相对和平的环境,紧跟世界潮流,全面推进了具有中国特色的新军事变革:及时调整军事战略方针,形成了军事变革的总体规划和设计;大胆进行理论创新,充分发挥了理论的先导作用;自力更生发展"杀手锏",提高了武器装备的信忠化水平;以人为本,人才先行,培养出大批高素质的人才;调整体制编制,压缩军队规模,优化了部队结构。经过近十年的努力,中国新军事变革取得巨大的成就,缩短了同美、俄等国军事力量的差距,同时也为新世纪新军事变革的继续深入奠定了坚实的基础。     

Drawing (on) women’s military experiences and narratives – Israeli women soldiers’ challenges in the military environment

This article utilizes arts-based methods as a feminist methodology for understanding women’s experiences in military service, according to theories of feminist security studies. It explores how non-combatant women in the army retrospectively narrate stressful situations that happened during their military service. Using arts-based methods, we examine how they derive meaning from their experiences in a masculine, military environment, affected by ongoing conflict. This article analyzes twenty images drawn by Israeli women who served in the army in the previous 2–4 years. The women drew a stressful event from their military service, explained the image, and elaborated on how they coped with the situation. A content analysis of the pictures and the narratives produced three themes: the responsibility for others in life threatening situations, the military as a first professional work experience and the interaction between military and gender hierarchies. In general, women soldiers experienced the army as complex as they encountered their first adult work space in which they learned responsibility and skills of the ‘adults’ world’. However, they were also exposed to a rigid hierarchy and to stressful security situations typical of army contexts. While non-combat women soldiers were allegedly protected from the violence of the army, they are also indirectly exposed to the danger inherent in an army context. This analysis goes beyond the hero narrative, and moves into taboo territories of young women’s narratives and experiences in the military.     

略论新中国成立以来中国共产党对军队的绝对领导

中国共产党对军队的绝对领导,即"党指挥枪",是马克思主义建党建军学说与中国军事斗争实践相结合的伟大创造,是毛泽东建军思想的重要组成部分。新中国成立后,中国共产党逐步发展和完善了一整套领导人民军队的基本制度,实现了党的组织与军队建制的有机融合,实现了党的思想政治领导与军事行政领导的内在统一,并从新的高度深刻论述和发展了毛泽东"党指挥枪"的建军思想,为坚持党对军队的绝对领导奠定了新的理论基础。     

辽代世家大族的军事势力

辽王朝在中国历史上以"用武立国"而著称,作为主要的军事支柱,世家大族的军事势力引人注目.其具体表现一是其强盛的私兵势力,这与世家大族广泛占有奴隶是相适应的;二是由于世代统兵所形成的军事权力和军事影响,这则是由辽朝的军事用人制度所决定的.     

The Consolation of Soldiers: religious life in the Swedish army during the Great Northern War

It is commonly acknowledged that an elaborated military pastoral care provided a significant contribution to the efficiency of the Swedish army during the Great Northern War (1700–1721). Usually battle preparations and the chaplains’ efforts to instil morale and discipline among the soldiers are emphasized. In this article my aim is to provide a somewhat different idea on the nature of the religious life in the army of Charles XII. By focusing in turn on the chaplains’ duties, the military sermons, the hymns sung in the army and the soldiers’ reading of prayer books, I point at the similarities between military and civilian religious life in early 18th-century Sweden.     

Stuck in the past? British views on the Spanish army’s effectiveness and military culture, 1946–1983

After the Civil War the Spanish army functioned as a guardian of domestic order, but suffered from antiquated material and little financial means. These factors have been described as fundamental reasons for the army’s low potential wartime capability. This article draws on British and German sources to demonstrate how Spanish military culture prevented an augmented effectiveness and organisational change. Claiming that the army merely lacked funding and modern equipment, falls considerably short in grasping the complexities of military effectiveness and organisational cultures, and might prove fatal for current attempts to develop foreign armed forces in conflict or post-conflict zones.     

晚清＂新式＂陆军战力之异域表征--以法国军人报告审视1900年中国参战陆军

19世纪末期编练新式陆军是晚清实现军事近代化的一个重要里程碑,然而初建阶段的“新式”陆军并不是真正意义上的新式陆军。曾任八国联军法军总司令General H.Frev（弗赖）将军所著之《I’armee chinoise：l’armee ancienne,1’armeenouvelle,1,arm6echinoisedansl’avenir》一书依托八国联军侵华之战争场景,以外国军人之视角,以考察该时期“新式”陆军战力为切入点,向世人展现了19世纪末期晚清新式陆军建设的另一面,而这无疑将有助于完善对晚清新式陆军,乃至晚清军事近代化问题的历史认识。