SIX SUMERIAN CUNEIFORM TEXTS IN JAPAN

The six cuneiform texts below are housed by two Japanese universities and recently attracted my attention. With the kind permissions of Prof. Koichi Yoshiike of the Faculty of Foreign Studies, the Aichi Prefectural University, and of Prof. Ryozo Matsumoto, Executive Director of the Tokai University Library, they are published.     

精美绝伦的福建私票印章

随着福建私票成为纸币收藏的宠儿之后,加盖在福建私票上的印章因刻工精巧、造型多样、内涵丰富,具有福建地方特色而受到藏家的喜爱。本文拟对福建私票印章进行分类并予以命名,以此展示其精美绝伦的一面。     

THE DISCOVERY OF ANOMALOUSLY HIGH SILVER ABUNDANCES IN POTTERY FROM EARLY ROMAN EXCAVATION CONTEXTS IN JERUSALEM*

This is the first study on the differential distribution and concentrations of silver in ceramics recovered from archaeological excavations. The chemical compositions of 1174 pottery vessels from 38 Roman‐period sites in Israel have been determined. Unusually high and variable abundances of silver were discovered in pottery samples of all vessel types and chemical compositions from four distinct archaeological contexts dating to late first century bce to 70 ce Jerusalem. The large majority of the Jerusalem vessels could be distinguished by their silver abundances from all analysed pottery pieces recovered at rural sites outside Jerusalem, even when the pottery types and chemical compositions, except for silver, of pottery found within and outside Jerusalem were indistinguishable. The evidence is suggestive of a human origin for the high and variable silver abundances, and dispersion of the silver by aqueous transport. The differential silver concentrations found in excavated pottery from Jerusalem and other urban and rural sites suggest that attention to the distribution of silver in pottery from excavated contexts may be helpful for evaluating the nature and function of archaeological remains and patterns of urban contamination.     

明清民间商业信用票据化的初步发展——以汇票、汇兑为中心

明清民间商业信用,主要还是一种直接的实物商品及原料的赊贷。依赖的是贩运商个人所熟悉的以牙行主人为主包括其他商人、运输业者等构成的人际网络关系,虽有商业信用的习惯行为为生产者及零售商人节省了货币和资本,但束缚于人的关系、在习俗之中运行。其积极作用的范围和程度终究有限,而且这种信用方式等于是以时间换资本,即延长贩运商人贩运周期,为零售商人节省了进货的资本。这对零售商人有利,对长途贩运的发展却是很不利的,为了解决这一问题,当时的长途贩运商人们利用汇票等信用工具,通过商业信用,在相当大的程度上加快了资金流通、节省…     

A RE-EVALUATION of the RED and BLACK BOWL FROM PARKER'S EXCAVATIONS IN JERUSALEM

Summary: An unusual red and black bowl was found in Parker's excavations in Jerusalem at the beginning of the century. There has been no agreement as to the provenience of the bowl, the most common opinion being that it was a Cypriot import dating to Middle Bronze I age. an Archaeological re-appraisal and Archaeometric examinations of the bowl and selected additional pottery from the same excavation revealed that the bowl is clearly of local manufacture and has no pertinence to the foreign relations of the Land of Israel during the Middle Bronze I age.