中国共产党现代化理论形成之历史考察

实现中国社会的现代化是几代中国共产党人的不懈追求,经过80余年的艰辛探索,形成了中国共产党关于中国现代化的完整、系统的科学理论体系,这一理论是对现代化即西方化或苏联化僵固模式的超越。对中国共产党现代化理论形成的条件与原因进行多视角的分析,对其形成的历史过程和演变轨迹进行纵向的梳理和界定,总结其经验教训,对21世纪中国的社会主义现代化建设具有重要的意义。     

Status and Role of Formation Theory in Contemporary Archaeological Practice

Since Binford appropriated the term “middle-range theory,” it has signified the process of reasoning from the extant material record to the cultural past. Merton's sociological concept of middle-range theory is relevant to archaeology, but does not mean what Binford denoted by it. More accurately, Binford's domain should be called “formation theory.” By whatever name used, archaeologists differ greatly in our views of its role and status. Somehow, formation theory has come to be viewed as method but not theory, and as intrinsic to materialism, but irrelevant if not antithetical to other ontologies. Yet it is as critical to the contextual understanding of the past sought by many archaeologists today—a role that, among others, belies formation theory's marginal status in academic practice.     

《晋书·载记》的正统观及其成因

《晋书》以"载记"之体记述十六国史,融伪史入正史,蕴涵着史家对十六国历史的肯定。它以东晋为正统,这一书法的形成,与其史料来源大有关系。唐初所存的十六国史,不少出于南北朝史官之手,尤其是《十六国春秋》和《三十国春秋》,皆黜十六国为僭伪,但同时又在书法上肯定其历史地位,其褒贬对《晋书·载记》正统观的形成都产生了重大影响。另外,《晋书》不以前凉、西凉二政权入"载记",其理据颇可怀疑,但它打破了正统与僭伪的界限,折射出南北统一、民族融合后的历史心理。     

帝国论与俄罗斯帝国的形成及其特点

20世纪是"帝国崩溃的世纪",国内外学者们对帝国学和帝国的关注度逐渐提高。本文将立足于帝国学的角度,分析帝国的类型,并考察苏联的前身——俄罗斯帝国的形成过程及其特点,指出俄国斯帝国是一个中央集权的强大的非殖民帝国,在自身社会发展过程中结合了东方专制制度和欧洲专制主义的特性,是各民族团结的典范。     

近代中国反排外思想的形成与影响

反排外思想是近代中国民族主义思想体系中的重要组成部分,亦是近代国人处理中外关系时的重要原则.五四运动时期,上海等地民众呼吁和平抗争,并谴责暴力行径,反排外思想初步形成.国民革命初期,中共积极为义和团运动正名,辩证剖析其功过,并号召运用文明科学精神从事反帝运动,反排外思想进一步发展.五卅运动时期,社会各界既驳斥外媒关于中国"排外"谣言,也努力宣传反排外思想,促使五卅运动和平顺利进行,反排外思想达于成熟.国民革命后,"反排外"一语成为了国内与中外政治纷争话语体系里的关键内容,凸显了反排外思想的社会影响力.     

论英国对印度殖民统治体制的形成及影响

从美国独立到拿破仑战争结束这32年时间内,英国调整了对印度的殖民统治政策。受工业革命以及福音教派运动的影响,英国政府改变了过去那种赤裸裸的殖民掠夺、殖民压迫政策,而在表面上代之以为土著人殖民地建立良好的政府,消除暴政、杜绝腐败、发展教育,这在一定程度上促进了殖民地经济文化的发展,从而“充当了历史的不自觉的工具”。英国对印度殖民新的统治体制的形成,对于英帝国的发展壮大意义重大。     

传统绘画理论对水彩画的影响

水彩画作为外来画种,一方面深受其自身发展传统的影响,另一方面又受到中国传统绘画精神和审美、文化等因素的影响,形成了中国水彩画艺术的审美品质。     

近现代英国政府的医疗立法及其影响

英国医疗行业的发展经历了从不成熟到成熟、从不完善到完善的发展阶段。在规制医疗行业健康发展的过程中,政府的立法发挥了不容忽视的作用。本文介绍了近代早期医疗行业的状况及面临的问题,梳理了英国政府从都铎王朝开始以来对医疗行业管理的立法,并且分析了这些立法的意义及作用,以期对中国的医疗改革提供些许启示。     

Aristotelian Ethics and Luke 15:11–32 in Early Modern England

The discourse surrounding Luke 15:11–32 — commonly titled “the parable of the prodigal son” — in early modern England is a major site of convergence for Aristotelian and Christian ethics. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the perceived role of “prodigality” (in the sense of excessive expenditure) in the parable of the prodigal son became deeply bound up with Aristotelian ethics; the parable's evolving title and its increasingly prominent role in casus summarii both contributed to and were affected by these changes. Despite the importance of both Aristotelian ethics and the parable of the prodigal son to early modern culture, scant research exists on the vital intersection between the two. By tracing the evolution of biblical paratexts, this article explicates how the parable gained its title. It then explores how the shared use of ?σωτ?α (prodigality) in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Luke 15:13 affected the interpretation of Luke 15:11–32 in early modern England, and the repercussions this had for early modern philosophy and theology. It concludes that Aristotelian ethics were hugely influential in both the early modern interpretation of Luke 15:11–32 and the concept of “prodigality” that the parable was so often used to explore.     

在思想斗争中实现理论创新——再论邓小平理论的形成

邓小平在领导探索中国特色社会主义过程中,坚持马克思主义的思想路线和政治立场,与"左"的思潮和资产阶级自由化思潮进行积极的思想斗争,批判两种思潮的错误观点,从理论上回应它们对马克思主义的挑战,不断深化和创新对"什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义"的认识,提出了一系列新理论、新论断,最终形成邓小平理论。     

“氏族封建”说与先秦社会形态再思考

晁福林先生在"中国无奴隶社会论"主导下,提出了夏、商"氏族封建"说及在此基础上构建"有中国特色社会形态理论"。由于学术界对有关夏商时期若干重大理论问题理解和判断颇相悬殊,再加上其所借用的"长时段"理论,难免造成"封建制"三段论标尺不一,所谓"有中国特色的社会形态理论"体系尚待学术界深入推敲。"无奴学派理论"能否成为先秦社会形态研究的最后定论,如何统一"无奴学派"对中国古代社会形态认识上的分歧,对学术界早期社会形态理论的研究成果应采取什么样的态度,这都是目前中国学术界应继续关注和持续探讨的关键性学术难题。     

试析殖民时期大秘鲁“白银经济圈”的形成及其影响

白银生产是殖民地美洲最重要的经济活动之一 ,围绕白银的生产和流通 ,形成了不同层次的白银经济圈。白银经济圈不仅对美洲内部的殖民地经济产生了重要影响 ,而且是形成不平等世界分工的一个重要条件。西欧资本主义国家正是在榨取美洲财富的基础上 ,进行资本主义原始积累的。本文以美洲最重要的白银产区之一———安第斯地区为例 ,分析白银经济圈给这一地区带来的严重影响 ,探讨拉美后来边缘化、依附性发展的早期症结所在。可以说 ,白银经济圈的形成和发展 ,是造成拉美欠发达状况的一个重要根源     

从云南看近代中国边疆民族地区女学的产生及其影响

在近代中国边疆民族地区女学的兴起与发展历程中 ,西南地区的云南由于民族众多 ,毗邻英属缅甸和法属越南 ,因而女学的产生和影响具有一定的代表性和典型性。本文以中国整体为理论视角 ,探讨了近代云南女学的产生、发展及影响。认为近代云南女学兴起于 19世纪末 2 0世纪初 ,最早始于教会女学 ,云南自办女学的出现推动了女学教育的进一步发展 ,小学男女生同校及大学开放女禁使女子教育趋于完善。近代云南女学不仅培养了大批女性人才 ,还巩固了祖国西南边疆 ,加强了民族团结 ,在一定程度上促进了云南边疆民族地区传统社会的变迁。同时 ,与沿海和内地相比 ,由于受客观条件的限制 ,近代云南女学也具有起步晚、起点低、规模小、类型复杂、总体水平不高等局限。     

Flexibility Meets Accountability: State Charter School Laws and Their Influence on the Formation of Charter Schools in the United States

Using an original and unique database of state charter school laws that we have developed, we analyze how state policymakers have incorporated two key values into state charter school laws: flexibility and accountability. We supplement this database with other state‐level measures to answer two specific questions: What factors influence the degree of flexibility and accountability in state charter school laws? How does the content of state charter school laws, and the different values those laws embrace, affect the formation of charter schools in the United States? Overall, we show that state political and contextual factors help account for the degree of flexibility, but not accountability, in state charter school laws. Further, we show that the degree of flexibility, accountability, and political and contextual factors influence the number of charter schools that form in the states.     

日本临床教育学与教育病理学对中国教育理论的影响

教育病理学的研究在我国经历了引进和借鉴阶段(1995年以前)、移植和建构为主题的发展阶段(1996～2002)以及深化和应用为主题的独立发展阶段(2003年以后).而临床教育学在中国却鲜有提及,但在日本20世纪80年代中后期开始出现了一股“临床教育学”的研究热,该理论主要是针对“教育病理”问题进行跨学科的系统研究.本文从日本临床教育学与教育病理学的根源入手,将教育病理学与临床教育学做出划分,探寻其异同并分析其对我国教育理论的影响.     

Rethinking the History and Theory of Jus Publicum Universal: The Formation of China as a "Semi-Civilized" Legal Subject

Much of the existing scholarship on the universalization of nineteenth-century international law has framed it in terms of the imperial West's domination of non-Western societies.This article complicates and qualifies this conventional state-centric narrative by investigating the juridical,capitalist production of China as a "semi-civilized" international legal subject.It examines the foundational modem Sino-British/Westem commercial and extraterritorial treaties,as well as the treatises of a new professional class of British international lawyers-James Lorimer (1818-90),John Westlake (1828-1913),William Edward Hall (1835-94),T.E.Holland (1835-1926),Thomas Lawrence (1849-1920),and Lassa Oppenheim (1849-1920).The juridical production of China as a "semi-civilized" legal subject throws into relief the dual capitalist nature and significance of the universalization of nineteenth-century international law.On the one hand,this "civilized" legal discourse underwrote a novel liberal conception of a universal international law (jus publicum universal) within which China was formally included as a quasi-legal subject.On the other hand,it also underwrote a particularistic,Euro-centric international law,which excluded China from its global domain and denied it basic sovereign fights.In this way also,"civilized" international law justified both formal equality in Europeannon-European treaty relations,as well as the real substantive inequality of these international exchanges of rights and obligations.Building on the critical theoretical work of Evgeny Pashukanis (1891-1937),this article argues that a non-orthodox Marxist social theory of legal forms is best suited to explain the abstract,liberal universalism of nineteenth-century "civilized" international law and the contradictory forms of legal and jurisprudential discourse it made available and rendered normatively meaningful to international law practitioners.Through this Marxist theory,moreover,I shall relate said contradictory discourse to modern commodity exchange practices.