<<说文解字·水部>>补校

本文通过《原本玉篇残卷》等清代乾嘉学者未及见到的资料,对大徐本《说文解字》水部“泓、滴、瀑、潦”等十个字在释文方面所存在的明显问题上进行了补校。     

A bioarchaeological approach to the Iron Age in Switzerland: stable isotope analyses (δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C, δ<Superscript>15</Superscript>N, δ<Superscript>34</Superscript>S) of human remains

In Switzerland, a large number of Iron Age burial sites were found in the last century. Changes in living conditions and socio-cultural behavior may have occurred over time and space and could be reflected in the dietary habits, social stratigraphy within populations and migration patterns. This study attempts to shed light on these aspects with the application of stable isotope analyses. Human remains from 11 different burial sites (n?=?164) in the area of today’s Swiss Plateau and Swiss Alpine regions were investigated. Temporal and geographical variations as well as sex and age-related dietary differences were analyzed through isotopic studies (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ³⁴S). In total, the data of 129 individuals could be evaluated. Highly significant differences between the burial sites were found, with higher δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values in the Alpine regions. Cultural and/or climatic changes as well as the different geological conditions might have led to distinct patterns of crop cultivation and animal husbandry and consequently to significantly different dietary habits in the Plateau and the Alpine regions. The data indicate a higher intake of millet and animal protein including early dairy production in the southern regions, probably influenced by the Mediterranean world. Cultural exchange between geographical regions might have been facilitated by migration during the Iron Age as suggested by the δ³⁴S.     

The Archaeology of the Gaucho <Emphasis Type="Italic">“Vago y Mal</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">Entretenido”</Emphasis>

The purpose of this article is to explain and discuss the essential operational characteristics of the technology of power (sensu Foucault) perpetrated on the internal frontiers with the Indians in nineteenth-century Argentina. The conquest and colonization of the Pampas took shape in the establishment of military camp structures placed to create a defensive cordon, known as “the Indian frontier line.” These constructions were fortlets defended by gaucho cavalry squadrons (know as Blandengues during the Spanish period, and then Guardias Nacionales after Argentinean Independence). This process is known in Argentinean historiography as “the conquest of the desert.” This particular technology of power existed in this historical context and operated at every social level, impacting strongly on the lower classes that inhabited the incorrectly named “desert.” Its implementation in the military field enabled the existence of an array of micro-powers that surrounded the gaucho, called vago y malentretenido—“a vagrant and lingerer”—and their women's lives. The army as institution was the locus of various forms of coercion and old forms of punishment (such as the stakes, whipping, and public executions) most of which affected peasants, nonresidents, itinerant workers, and the rural youth. This schema was adopted in different areas: in the enrolment and discipline of the gaucho soldiers, in life in the fortlet-prisons, and in the ritualism of power. The alternative chosen by soldiers to evade this technology of power and the fortlet-panopticons was escape through desertion. The utility of those observations is demonstrated, because an important part of the area of research of historical archaeology that has developed with the greatest impetus in Argentina has taken fortlets as its subject of study.     

The revolution <Emphasis Type="Italic">Will</Emphasis> be televised<Superscript>1</Superscript>: African archaeology education and the challenge of public archaeology— Some examples from southern africa<Superscript>2</Superscript>

La arqueología ya se reconoce como una fuente crítica para desarrollar la herencia en áfrica. Sin embargo, la instrucción arqueóloga tiene escasos recursos monetarios. Esta presentación se?ala algunos de los retos y oportunidades para desarrollar arqueología pública en áfrica usando los ejemplos de Botswana y Sur áfrica.

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Résumé L'archéologie est maintenant reconnue comme une source importante pour le développement du patrimoine en Afrique. Toutefois, l'enseignement de l'archéologie est extrêmement peu financée. En se servant d'exemples au Botswana et en Afrique du Sud, ce papier met en relief quelques uns des défis qui attendent l'archéologie publique en Afrique ainsi que les opportunités qu'elle aura de se développer.

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You will not be able to stay home brother You will not be able to plug in, turn on and cop out The revolution will not be televised The revolution will not be brought to you by Xerox In 4 parts without commercial interruptions The revolution will be no re-run brothers The revolution will be live (Gil Scott-Heron, http://gilscottheron.com)

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This phrase is adapted from Gil Scott-Heron's poem “The Revolution Will Not be Televised” (http://gilscottheron.com) and I acknowledge its inspiration of my conviction of the importance of teaching African archaeology.

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This article was prepared while I was a visiting Senior Research Fellow at Wolfson College, Cambridge. I thank my sponsors the Smuts Memorial Fund and Wolfson College for their support. I thank the reviewers of this article and acknowledge their contributions. The University of Botswana granted me leave to pursue my research.     

《<金史>丛考》

《<金史>丛考》,陈晓伟,中华书局2022年11月出版。该书是《金史》文献学研究的最新探索成果,全书共分为六个部分,第一章“版本再审”,以修订本《金史》所涉南监本与百衲本异文校为线索,通过举证典型案例重新评判南监本的版本价值。还讨论了百衲本中影印八叶洪武覆刻本后印本“补版叶”以及修润两大问题。第二章“新本献疑”,通盘梳理修订本《金史》,逐条检讨校勘记,择要举例辨析,对不妥之处提出质疑。     

<Superscript>230</Superscript>Th/U chronology of ore formation within the semyenov hydrothermal district (13°31′ N) at the Mid-Atlantic ridge

A radiochemical study was carried out on massive sulfides from Semyenov hydrothermal district at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. New and published results provide evidence that ²³⁰Th/U ages obtained for massive sulfides are reliable. The sulfide deposits from the West, North-West, North-East, and East hydrothermal sites at the Semyenov hydrothermal district were formed between ∼124 ka and ∼37 ka ago. The hydrothermal activity might have started in the eastern part of the district and moved to the west by episodic ore formation.     

Damaged Burials or <Emphasis Type="Italic">Reliquiae Cogotenses?</Emphasis> On the Accompanying Human Bones in Burial Pits Belonging to the Iberian Bronze Age

Social Sciences and Humanities are increasingly interested in the relationship between society and material culture, and archaeology can provide, among other contributions, its chronological depth and the variability and certain regularities in mortuary rituals. In this respect, archaeological literature frequently cites cases of a few human bones redeposited at mortuary sites, often burials of adults accompanied by some bones of an infant, but without a clear pattern being discernable. In contrast, research on the Bronze Age Cogotas I archaeological culture in the Iberian Peninsula (MBA and LBA, ca. 1800–1100 cal BC) has identified what seems to be an emerging pattern: primary burials of very young children accompanied by the bone of an adult, possibly female, who had died before, even long before, as the statistical analysis of the radiocarbon dates of the individuals involved appears to corroborate. This may therefore be a ritualised mortuary practice that included bone relics, but its explanation is not simple, due to the polysemic nature of such relics. The creation and maintenance of real or fictitious kinship ties, a special protection for dead infants, possible gender aspects, ideas about fertility and renewal, strengthening interpersonal relationships, legitimisation of emerging inequality, etc., are some of the possible components of this social practice which was until now unknown in the Iberian prehistory, but also little known in other areas in European prehistory.     

The influence of manuring on stable isotopes (δ<Superscript>13</Superscript>C and δ<Superscript>15</Superscript>N) in Celtic bean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia faba</Emphasis> L.): archaeobotanical and palaeodietary implications

This paper examines the impact of animal manure on δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C values in a legume, Celtic Black broad bean (Vicia faba). In a field experiment, V. faba was cultivated in plots treated with farmyard manure and pure sheep manure. The results indicate that highly intensive manuring can increase δ¹⁵N values in beans, stems, leaves and pods. In comparison, manuring had a relatively small impact on δ¹³C values. In terms of palaeodietary reconstructions, the high δ¹⁵N values in very intensively manured beans (+3?‰) are equivalent to the trophic-level effect. Based on the experimental results, it is suggested that high δ¹⁵N values in archaeobotanical remains of V. faba may be attributable to small-scale cultivation with intensive manuring.     

嘉惠学界的民国康藏研究期刊集成——评《<康藏前锋>、<康藏研究月刊>、<康导月刊>校勘影印全本》

作为藏族传统的三大历史地理区域之一,康区在地域上介于西藏与内地之间,自唐宋以来,一直是联结西藏与内地政治交往、汉藏贸易和文化交流的通道和枢纽地带。尤其是清朝民国时期,在边疆政局日趋危殆之下,康区更被世人视为影响汉藏民族及西藏与中央政府之间政治关系走向的关键性区域。在藏事波折起伏之时,晚清政府以固川为保藏之计,着意强化经营康区,为后世"治藏必先安康"思想之滥觞。纵贯近代,风云迭起的康藏之事,俨然成为     

Flakes Crossing the Straits? <Emphasis Type="Italic">Entame</Emphasis> Flakes and Northern Africa–Iberia Contact During the Acheulean

The entame core method was defined after studying the Acheulean bifaces from the site of Ternifine, Algeria. This specialized core method for the production of larges flakes (>10 cm) used for biface blanks involves the detachment of primary large flakes from skillfully selected quartzite cobbles. While technologically simple, a competent selection of raw material and dexterous detachment of the flake resulted in a blank perfectly suitable for the production of bifaces, with minimal further shaping required. This core method resulted in high frequencies of entame blanks in the Ternifine lithic assemblages, as well as from the Iberian Peninsula Acheulean, but not in assemblages from other large flake Acheulean sites. It is suggested that the frequent use of the entame core method common to both North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula indicates similarity in lithic tradition during the Acheulean. This may support the view of North African origin for the Iberian Acheulean during the Middle Pleistocene.     

《清华简<尚书>类文献笺释》

本书是作者对清华简《尚书》类文献的全新笺释。绪论部分结合新近研究成果,对《尚书》今古文之别、《尚书》真伪问题、先秦时期《书》类文献样貌、清华简《书》类文献价值和意义等做了重新探讨,厘清了《尚书》研究领域一系列重大问题。特别是对于孔壁古文《尚书》的性质,作者利用统计学的方法提出了独特的见解。正文部分,针对《清华大学藏战国楚简》第壹、叁、伍、捌诸辑所收录的共14篇《尚书》类文献进行了周密的考证和笺释,而在字形考释、文字训诂、断句编联等方面尤见作者功力,其中不乏新见。该书为学界提供了一个较为可信的清华简《尚书》类文献文本,集中反映了学术界最新研究成果,非常便利于学者使用。     

Analogy or Erasure? Dialectics of Religious Transformation in the Early <Emphasis Type="Italic">Doctrinas</Emphasis> of the Colca Valley,Peru

This paper examines the tension between the Spanish evangelical ideal of religious conversion (erasure and replacement of “idolatrous” praxis) and the exigencies of its enactment (inter-cultural communication via analogy) among a series of sixteenth century Franciscan doctrinal settlements (doctrinas) in the Colca valley of southern Peru. I suggest that the necessity and outcomes of inter-cultural communication during initial evangelization made conversion impossible, despite increasing institutionalization of coercive doctrinal measures through time. Combined archaeological and historical analysis explores how these tensions were locally negotiated. Written texts describe early extirpation campaigns, while archaeological evidence documents the remains of early doctrinas in the form of rustic chapels at local settlements which were previously centers of Inka power. Associations between these chapels and Inka ritual spaces hint at an analogical approach to conversion that is not as evident in the documentary record. Analogies linking Inka and Christian religious symbols were later “re-written” onto the surfaces and spaces of Spanish-style reducción villages established in the 1570 s.     

《西夏文<孟子>整理研究》评介

<正>用西夏文翻译的汉文典籍,简称"夏译汉籍",是西夏文献的重要组成部分。编号为Инв.No.6738的西夏文《孟子》,1908—1909年与大批文献一并出土于黑水城遗址(今属内蒙古额济纳旗),被科兹洛夫率领的俄国皇家蒙古四川地理考察队携往圣彼得堡,现藏俄罗斯科学院东方文献研究所。全书十四卷,今存卷四到卷六。这是最晚获得全文解读的一本"夏译汉籍",但每页都有残损,且为行书写本,难于辨认,故出土百余年来一直少有人问津。     

《<中国地方志>优秀论文选编》专家评审会

2012年6月18～22日,《中国地方志>优秀论文选编》专家评审会在北京市召开。中国地方志指导小组秘书长兼办公室主任李富强(主席台右一)出席会议并讲话。所邀请的14名专家及有关人员共20余人参加会议。会议由中国地方志指导小组办公室方志期刊指导处处长、《中国地方志》主编于伟平(主席台左一)主持。本次评审会共对新方志编纂理论与实践、方志评论、旧志整理、年鉴编纂、方志管理、基础理论等部分共1197篇论文进行了评审,共有659篇优秀论文入选。至此,《<中国地方志>优秀论文选编》课题已完成复审工作,即将进入终审。     

《<散木居奏稿>点校》评介

正中国西北边疆重镇科布多曾是中俄关系史中一个悲情的名字。她东接喀尔喀蒙古的札萨克图汗部,可直达乌里雅苏台,西通新疆塔尔巴哈台(今塔城)和伊犁,南通新疆迪化(今乌鲁木齐)和巴里坤(今哈密市巴里坤哈萨克自治县),北邻唐努乌梁海(今俄罗斯图瓦共和国)。近代以来,沙俄利用喀尔喀蒙古独立问题和跨界民族哈萨克问题,通过《中俄勘分西北界约记》、《中俄科布多界约》、《中俄伊犁条约》、《中俄科塔界约》等一系列不平等条约的签订,最终使得科布多分属     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Garum and Liquamen,</Emphasis> What’s in a Name?

There is a dilemma at the heart of the study of the Roman fish sauce trade. The meaning of the Greek and Latin words used to name the fish sauces is still contested: currently there is much confusion and contradiction between modern scholars and ancient commentators about the use of the terms garum and liquamen. It is also not readily recognised that the ancients themselves were less than clear as to the exact meaning of the terms that they used, and this confusion has informed and exacerbated our own. In this paper some of the key texts that have been used to define fish sauce are re-evaluated in light of the need to distinguish and separate them out into the distinct types and sub-types.     

Archaeometric analysis of Late Roman amphorae from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Africa</Emphasis> in the ancient city of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Iluro</Emphasis> (Mataró, Catalonia,Spain)

In this paper, the results of the archaeometric study of an assemblage of Late Roman amphorae, found in several contexts from the ancient city of Iluro (Mataró, Catalonia, Spain) and with a presumable origin in Roman Africa, is presented. A total of 57 samples have been analysed, by means of optical microscopy (thin-section analysis), X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, in order to obtain an integrated petrographic, chemical and mineralogical characterisation and, from this data, to shed light on their provenance. The results indicate the presence of a large number of fabrics, most of them with a Tunisian provenance; a fabric probably from Algeria was also found, as well as a few chemical-petrographic loners that should be related to a provenance out of Africa. Concerning the Tunisian fabrics, the comparison with data from production centres allows for a more precise provenance hypothesis for many of them. These results are useful for the study of the trade networks of Iluro in Late Antiquity, since they provide new evidence on the diversity of transport amphorae that were arriving to this urban centre in Hispania Tarraconensis, showing a more complex reality than initially suggested by the archaeological evidence.