Analytical and Ethical Issues Concerning Organic Residues on Paleolithic Chipped Stone Tools from NW Greece

Abstract

The Upper Paleolithic strata of Kastritsa, a rockshelter on the bank of Lalle Pamvotis, near Ioannina (NW Greece), yielded two chipped stone artifacts with surface residues originally assumed to be of Organic composition. The history of analyses of these specimens reveals that there is a need to discuss problems in the identification of Organic residues, and that the ethical aspect of destructive analysis of ancient remains should be considered. One issue is the relationship between archaeology and the hard sciences, and this case study is a cautionary tale revealing that archaeological interpretation is subject to false optimism regarding archaeometrical research that is inexact, partially published, or poorly understood.     

Wear Traces and the Interpretation of Stone Tools

Abstract

Hafting traces integrated within a larger functional analysis can be used to improve our understanding of the dynamic life cycle of a stone tool. Based on the analysis of hide scrapers from the Magdalenian site of Verberie, France, the potential of research that considers macroscopic and microscopic traces from different causes (e.g., production, use, manual grasping, and hafting) is demonstrated. Hafting traces can throw light on a tool’s use and hafting mode, but also on its morphology and reasons for discard, among other things. Most importantly, the principles necessary to analyze experimental hafting traces are shown to be useful for interpreting archaeological hafting modes.     

湖北郧县人遗址石器的第二步加工

郧县人遗址中发现的石器第二步加工的特点是大部分用石锤来直接进行加工;打击方向垂直或接近于垂直;修整痕迹多浅、平;加工方向大部分为单向加工,少数为交互加工、转向加工的;在两刃或两刃以上的石器中,不同边缘的加工方向相同的多,不同的少。郧县人遗址中的石器特征与国内外的旧石器时代早期石器进行对比,在石器的第二步加工技术方面,有着自己鲜明的特点,从而构成了独具特色的“郧县人文化”。     

磨制石器类型学的分类原则与术语界定——以大辛庄商代石器为例

<正>对事物的分类是古代人类社会文化生活中的一种重要的比较自觉的行为和客观现象,人们在从事生产和生活时都会根据自己的标准进行自觉的分类活动。当然这些标准产生于特定的文化社会背景和思想意识,这就给我们今天的探寻以实际上有效的线索。所以考古研究中的器物分类是我们研究和复原古代文化的一条重     

良渚文化石器装柄技术的重要物证

新石器时代多数石器需要安柄使用,但木柄之类的有机质遗存极难保存。由于南湖等地具备特殊的埋藏环境,良渚文化带柄石器的实物竟有成批出土。本文首次公布这些珍贵的装柄石器实物资料,并系统介绍了良渚文化带柄石器出土的历史和现状,对带柄石器的安装和使用进行了初步探讨,相信对良渚文化石器的研究能产生推动作用。     

多重影像建模技术在打制石器制图及分析中的应用

石器照相与绘图工作是石器整理和研究工作的基础,将多重影像建模技术应用在石制品的整理工作当中,可以促进石器制图和数字化影像记录的精准化,克服传统制图及拍照中存在的难点。运用PhotoScan软件进行石器三维建模分两步:一是获取合适的照片作为参考数据来源,二是将拍摄的照片在软件内处理、建模并调整。获得石器的三维模型后,在此基础上进行石器绘图和后期研究。多重影像建模技术在多种类型石器资料整理中优势明显,在未来石器三维模型深入研究中意义重大。     

浅析新石器时代生产工具中的“仪式用斧”问题——兼论生产工具功能的分化

石铲和石钺在我国新石器时代之初是较为普遍的生产工具,后来随着社会经济的发展和原始宗教力量的增强,部分石铲和石钺逐渐从生产工具中分化出来,制作日益精美,有的器表还刻有纹饰,成为祭祀或是宗教活动中的仪式用品。本文以石铲和石钺为例对新石器时代生产工具中的仪式用斧现象略作探讨。     

几种红岩碑拓片考释

红岩碑是贵州著名古迹,而数年来考释者频仍不断,众说纷纭,至今无一定论。碑之原迹早已不存,研究者大多是以拓本摩本为据。然而红岩碑传世拓本摩本种类繁多,据统计近30种。而其形状不一,内容各异,让人依违难决。贵州省博物馆收藏有数种红岩碑拓片,应是历史上流传较广且影响较大的本子,本文对它们的历史渊源及有关事实作一些查考,期于研究者慎选工作底本。     

Industrial Sectors and Industrial Districts: Tools for Industrial Analysis

The article begins by showing that the traditional concept of industrial sector has been radically criticized on both theoretical and empirical grounds. The reasons for the concept's inadequacy are raised, and they are identified as: (i) the fact that in a rapidly changing world empirical classifications must be changed; (ii) the fact that when scholars seek to classify reality they must take account of the classifications of that reality made by the actors concerned. Given the diverse importance for different productions of technology and social context, of tacit and codified knowledge, the article sets out some practical rules, exemplified by the Italian footwear industry, for empirical research. It then proposes to dynamize analysis of the Marshallian industrial district, first conceptually in its elementary processes, and then with a view to empirical study of the convergence of these processes on the district form and the reasons for reviving the district analysis originally formulated in the 1960s and 1970s.     

汉代画像石刻中的拜谒礼俗探析

汉代的拜谒礼仪大量出现于社会生活的各个层面,并成为当时社会的一种风俗习尚。汉代画像石刻以特有的图像形式生动地再现了一些拜谒活动场面。文中对各类拜谒活动的渊源以及其在社会生活中的实际运用等作了进一步的探析。     

潞简王陵石刻群石兽简释

~~潞简王陵石刻群石兽简释@苏德荣$新乡市潞简王陵博物馆!河南新乡453011     

许昌汉画像石门楣探析

许昌作为汉魏许都,出土了大量的汉画像石与画像砖,具有浓郁的地域风格。许昌汉画像石门楣图像对称均衡,粗犷豪放,简洁灵动,大多采用凿纹地浅浮雕的装饰手法,表现了汉代社会生活的场景与祈求升仙、荫护子孙的精神理念。     

汉画像石文字相关问题论析

本文以出土及新发现的丰富的画像石文字题记资料,结合文献和相关研究成果,论析了墓地石祠堂和墓室名称、刻工、停厝及建造墓地石祠堂的时间等问题,廓清了画像石研究上的一些疑点讹误。     

石头上的苗寨人家

正"你也觉得奇我也觉得怪,大苗山的石头千姿百态,心灵手巧的苗山人,在石头上建起小山寨;云在这里散步,雾在这里徘徊,云雾缭绕的苗山寨哟,你诉说着过去也召唤着未来……"歌曲优美的旋律,让我对石头上的苗寨人家魂牵梦绕。广西融水苗族自治县的元宝山脉深处,有个奇特的苗族小山寨——安太乡小桑村青山寨。地处华南第三高峰——海拔2086米的元宝山西麓,村子的平均海拔在600米以上,是典型     

Automated Analysis of Environmental Degradation of Paint Residues

The development of effective conservation strategies for the protection of rock art sites involves the assessment of the taphonomic risks posed by physical and chemical weathering. This study outlines the methodology used in a pilot study to monitor and model the deterioration of paint residues in a cave environment. Mineral oxide pigments were mixed with water and placed on the walls of a cave in the Mendip hills (U.K.). The physical degradation of the paint residues was simulated visually and modelled mathematically. A training stage learning the characteristics of a reference image is followed by comparisons with this image as the test paints deteriorate. The study will be extended over three years and digital image processing will be used to quantify changes in the colour and dimensions of the test paints. The results will be correlated with micro-climatic variables. This methodology can be used to model taphonomic changes to rock art and other forms of imagery in differing environments.     

浅析景泰黄河石林客源市场营销

在中国西部发展旅游热的形势下,景泰黄河石林旅游景区面临着机遇和挑战,必须从旅游市场营销做起,提升景区的知名度,完善景区的经营体系,为景区创造更多的赢利机会,在全面分析客源市场的现状后,制定旅游市场营销策略,开发潜在的旅游市场。这不仅关系到景泰黄河石林旅游景区经营目标的实现,还关系到当地旅游业的总体发展。     

寻访天下第一石书

石刻文字和图像,是古老而独特的一种文化承载和表达方式。这种从远古时期先民们的自然崇拜而衍传下来的岩石文化,至今已数千年,它以特别的永恒性和精神魅力,传达着人类的坚久信仰和对未来美好人生的向往。从岩石崇拜的形式和地域看,青藏高原藏民族的岩石崇拜尤独具特色,譬如藏族人的各种石饰、玛尼堆和石经等等。[第一段]