一位“跨性别”研究者的突出贡献——读《康奈尔和她的社会性别理论评述》

康奈尔是一位“跨性别”研究者,他用男人的眼睛,站在女人的角度来研究男女两性的社会建构历程和相互关系,在社会性别研究领域成果丰硕。她的性别秩序三重关系论、男性气概社会建构论和她看世界分析问题的独特视角和见地都发人深省。     

关于“人口均衡型社会”的理论思考

＂人口均衡型社会＂的提出并非空穴来风,而是理论研究和政策发展的必然选择。本文从理论层面分析了＂人口均衡型社会＂提出的理论依据,阐明了＂人口均衡型社会＂的基本内涵,指出＂人口均衡型社会＂是对我国长期人口调控理论思考与政策实践的精准概括,是我国解决人口问题的最终理想目标。     

社会资本与构建社会主义和谐社会的关系

政策和社会资本是良好社会运行不可或缺的两个层面,社会治理除了要充分发挥政府政策的功能外,社会资本的有效运作也是必不可少的方面.文章分析了社会资本与社会发展效率、社会公平和社会秩序三个层面的关系,论述了合理、有效地运用社会资本对现阶段我国和谐社会建设的重要意义.     

被歧视的女性——大众媒介中的女性形象解读

本文通过对大众媒介中所呈现出的女性形象的解读,分析大众媒介对女性产生歧视的根源和影响,旨在于减少大众媒介对传统性别成见的建构与影响,促进社会的性别平等。     

社会热点问题对高校学生的影响和应对策略研究

网络信息的传播越来越迅速,各类社会热点问题时刻充斥着高校学生的眼球。当前我国处在体制改革和社会变革的全面转型期,社会矛盾以各种形式凸显出来,给在校大学生带来或传递正能量、或渲染负情绪的影响。这就要求高校思想政治教育工作者积极主动地关注社会热点问题,与学生进行分析讨论,从认知层面对学生思想进行正向引导,同时加强社会实践,通过亲身体会来解决出现的突发问题。     

中国共同社会与西方利益社会

本文根据德国社会学家Ｆ·滕尼斯（ＦｅｒｄｉｎａｎｄＴｎｎｉｅｓ）１９世纪提出的“共同社会”与“利益社会”理论,分析了在走向现代化进程中中国社会与西方社会的异同,指出如果认为在西方的书籍中或重复西方的经验就可以找到中国问题的答案,那么在理性上就是肤浅的。中国的根本任务是找到适合中国情形、水平和需要的政策。     

论社会转型期社会政策对困难群体的有效支持

在我国社会转型期．存在着数量庞大的困难群体．其对我国经济和社会的健康发展有消极影响。必须加强对困难群体的社会支持和保护．特别是加强社会政策的供给,促使他们由弱变强。其中．社区组织应成为社会政策发挥作用的新的基地。     

我国社会转型期道德失范问题研究

目前我国正处于社会转型的关键时期,所建立的具有中国特色的社会主义事业也取得了很大的成就,但是同时也需要应对一些压力与挑战,我们就道德领域而言,我国的道德建设取得了较大的成绩,而且道德主流也是积极的、向上的。但是在社会生活当中有一些领域还是会出现道德失范的现象。道德是我们人类调整自身行为的基本社会规范。在全面建设小康社会的进程中发挥着重要的作用,目前道德失范现象逐渐存在于社会生活的多个领域,而且对这些领域所造成的负面影响是非常大的,想要树立道德很难,但是要对道德进行负面发展却很简单,因此加强我国社会道德失范问题的研究是非常有必要的。本文将从社会转型的道德出发,对我国社会转型期道德失范进行分析与研究。     

大南沟遗址的社会结构及相关问题探讨

本文通过对大南沟遗址随葬品特征等各种墓葬要素及其相互关系的分析,探讨大南沟遗址的社会结构及相关问题.分析表明,大南沟遗址墓葬群代表了一个高度复杂化的社会,其中不但出现了基于性别的分工和等级分化的萌芽,并且出现了相当复杂的的社会集团和多层级的社会组织.生活在大南沟遗址的人群属于一个有了明显的社会分化和复杂社会组织的人们共...     

从社会文化的视角分析泰国赫蒙人的社会性别关系

2004年元月至九月,笔者赴泰国北部地区从事关于泰国赫蒙人（Hmong）人的调查研究工作。该研究得到了亚洲奖学金基金会管理的“亚洲人研究亚洲”项目的资助,在此表示感谢!本案研究以赫蒙人的传统婚姻制度和生育文化实践为切入点,来分析赫蒙人社会中女性和男性的性别角色,并探讨社会经济的变迁和现代教育的发展对其社会性别关系的影响。     

环境保护与可持续发展中的社会问题——中加国际学术研讨会综述

如果不能实现社会公正,包括社会性别平等和代内代际公平,我们就不可能实现环境保护与可持续发展。本文对环境保护与可持续发展背景下社会公平的实现途径,如公众参与、生态补偿、文化适应、体制创新、健全法制、性别平等及解决三江源环境保护与可持续发展中社会问题的关键环节进行了梳理和评价。     

旅游研究中的三种社会心理学视角之比较

旅游是一个新兴的研究领域,需要从其他学科引入相关的理论和方法来推动自身的成熟与发展。旅游感知、态度和行为是旅游研究的重要领域之一,直接关系到旅游业的健康持续发展。在过去数十年间,社会心理学的社会交换理论和社会表征理论为这一领域的研究提供了有力的理论支撑。相对剥夺理论是一种二战以后逐渐发展起来的社会心理学理论,在社会弱势群体的心理失衡和疏导机制研究方面有较强的解释能力。本文通过对旅游研究中的既有社会心理学视角剖析的基础上,分析了相对剥夺的内涵和旅游发展中的相对剥夺现象,进而比较了相对剥夺理论与既有社会心理学理论视角的独特性和互补性。作为一种新的社会心理学视角,相对剥夺理论在旅游地相对剥夺感的表现形式、成因、疏导机制和定量测量等方面有较大的应用价值和潜力。     

2008年以来国外的中国当代社会史研究

国外学术界一直比较重视对中国当代社会问题的研究,2008年以来,国外对中国当代社会史的研究取得了前所未有的发展,涌现了大批高质量的研究成果。国外学者对当代中国社会构成的研究多集中于人口政策及人口结构的变化、城乡二元社会结构、当代社会阶级与阶层构成等方面,且呈现出研究进一步细化的特点。与国内研究相比,国外学者对中国当代生活的研究较早,研究成果也比较成熟,虽然其中有其研究的局限,但在某些方面,他们的研究走在了前面。这与其开展中国社会史研究的悠久传统有关。此外,其采用的研究方法有的值得借鉴,如近年来国外学者越来越重视在研究中运用数量分析的方法,从而进一步提高研究的科学性。     

‘Gender hates men’: untangling gender and development discourses in food security fieldwork in urban Malawi

This article examines the social construction and contestation of gender and gender roles in the city of Blantyre in Malawi. In fieldwork on gendered household roles related to food security, interviews with men and women revealed a distinct set of connotations with the word gender, which reflected Malawians’ historical and contemporary engagement with concepts of development, modernity, and human rights. We denote the Malawian concept of gender as gender in order to distinguish the word participants used in interviews from the more widely accepted conventional definition. We then use this distinction to highlight the ways in which ideas of gender equality have been introduced and received in the Malawian context. The urban setting of the research is key to drawing out the association of gender with Westernization, bringing into focus the power dynamics inherent in the project of translating global discourses of gender rights and gender equality into meaningful social change in developing countries. Gender in Malawi denotes a top-down (and outside-in) process of framing Malawi’s goals for gender equality. This creates political constraints both in the form of resistance to gender, because it resonates with a long history of social change imposed by outside forces, and in the form of superficial adherence to gender to appear more urban and modern, especially to a Western researcher. Local understandings of gender as gender undermine efforts to promote gender equality as a means to address Malawi’s intense urban poverty and household food insecurity.     

Gender perspective on the social networks of household heads and community leaders after involuntary resettlement

The study of social network analysis in Indonesia and the Philippines reveals that after a certain period in a new community and living among involuntarily resettled strangers, household heads and community leaders will eventually replace their disrupted previous networks with new network ties. The paper likewise demonstrates how gender moulds social network features at the levels of the Indonesian household heads and Philippine community organization after involuntary resettlement. Existing gendered context in two settings like the Indonesian woman’s role as primary caretaker of the household and the absence of a consolidated patriarchal system in the Philippines is shown to have reinforced gender (dis)advantages. As reflected in the two settings, those who have the biggest networks are also the brokers or the influential actors who can control and have an advantage in accessing social capital. Further, basing on the two cases, we identify the gender norm of the centrality of women’s role as homemaker and caregiver in addition to other roles as a similar explanation for the bigger proportions of friends in the networks of women as compared to men. Unless outside interventions reconfigure the natural trajectory of the social networks, gender equality in terms of leadership, decision-making and access to suitable programs and projects as well as to the relevant authorities, remains problematic.     

Blood from the Moon: Gender Ideology and the Rise of Ancient Maya Social Complexity

Archaeological data suggests that there is a direct link between the rise of social complexity and the erosion of women's status. Through a look at the ways in which gendered practices and symbols may shift as men and women (and males and females) negotiate their relationships and interactions within shifting social contexts, this article sets out to explore this linkage between social complexity and gender equality in the ancient Maya region. Building from the notion that ‘gender’ is produced and reproduced through practice and symbol as a culture constitutes and bounds gender roles and expectations by symbolically associating certain activities and materials with each gender as iconic representations and ritual enactments of those normative gender roles then serve to naturalise a gender ideology, this article argues that the rising ancient Maya elite attempted to legitimise increasing social inequalities through the manipulation, ritualisation and abstraction of female symbols of power associated with pregnancy, menstruation and childbirth. This appropriation and contestation of symbols and performances of gender identity can be observed in wide variety of powerful representations and practices within the Maya cosmology such as genital piercing, the 260‐day calendar and the neutering of female sexuality in monumental art.     

Dispossession and the Depletion of Social Reproduction

Gender is largely under‐theorized in the now well‐developed literature on dispossession; this paper contributes to the analysis of the gender dimensions of dispossession by bringing the literature on dispossession into conversation with the feminist literature on social reproduction, specifically, depletion of social reproduction. Drawing on qualitative field research, the paper provides a gendered analysis of the multiple vectors of dispossession affecting the Miyana, a Muslim community living in the Little Rann of Kutch, an estuarine zone in central Gujarat within which prawn harvesting and salt production are their symbiotic seasonal livelihood activities. Using the concept of depletion as a diagnostic tool, I argue that the assessment of depletion due to dispossession requires investigation of the levels of mitigation, replenishment or transformation available to individuals, households and communities within the circuits of production and social reproduction.     

Christian Marriage,Money Scams,and Melanesian Social Imaginaries

In this paper, we draw on fieldwork with middle‐class investors in ‘fast money schemes’ (Ponzi scams) to consider how Neo‐Pentecostal Christianity may be mediating social and economic change in Papua New Guinea, particularly in relation to gender equality. Ideas of companionate marriage and the cultivation of an affective self imply masculinities that are more sensitive and less domineering. As these images of fulfilled modernity flow out from Pentecostal churches into broader Papua New Guinean society, they corroborate Taylor's theory of how change occurs within the modern social imaginary.     

近年来民间信仰问题研究的回顾与思考:社会史角度的考察

民间信仰问题是当前社会史研究中的一个重要领域,其研究取得一定的成绩,使得民间信仰成为了深入理解中国传统社会的一个很好的突破口。当然,研究中也存在诸多不足,最主要的问题是概念运用的随意性太大。在研究方法上,一方面受到了包括社会人类学、社会学、民俗学等诸多学科的影响,另一方面传统的史学研究方法也应得到重视。     

Gender equality: a core dimension in Rural Development Programmes in Austria?

The supranational gender equality regime of the European Union (EU), in place since the 1990s, affects gender-related social policy including the so-called ‘gender-neutral’ policy fields such as the common agricultural policy and rural development policy. Especially, the implementation of gender equality in all policy fields through the strategy of gender mainstreaming in EU Structural Funds and Rural Development Programmes has become a key challenge for political and administrative players and stakeholders. Analysis reveals that the existing institutional, political and social barriers for an effective implementation of gender equality in rural development policy are manifold. Instead of promoting rural women's agency and empowerment, Rural Development Programmes and processes in Austria are preserving and perpetuating traditional gender roles and patriarchal structures in rural society.