眼界

6月29日,英国萨默塞特,英国国家芭蕾舞团的成员在格拉斯顿伯里音乐节上表演。格拉斯顿伯里音乐节是世界上规模最大的露天音乐节,由农场主迈克尔·艾维斯与吉恩·艾维斯于1970年创办。     

评约翰·莫利的《格拉斯顿传》

1903年,此时距英国著名政治家威廉·E·格拉斯顿(1809-1898)去世才5年,约翰·莫利(John Morley,1838-1923)的3卷本巨著<威廉·E·格拉斯顿传>(The Life of William Ewart Gladstone)即告问世①.尽管此著并非有关格拉斯顿生平的最早之作,但它很快为了解与研究格拉斯顿的不同层次的各类读者所普遍接受,至20世纪40年代初,该书已累计售出逾10万册.     

论传统政治文化与明初政治

论传统政治文化与明初政治万明明太祖朱元璋在元末起义中脱颖而出,＂不十余年而成帝业＂,颇具传奇色彩地成为中国历史上唯一出自贫苦农家而登上封建帝王宝座,并开创了二百多年封建王朝的人物。长期以来,对他成功的奥秘何在的问题,往往强调从政治、经济、军事,以及儒...     

黄埔军校早期的思想政治教育

黄埔军校培养了大批的军事政治人才,为中国革命做出了重大贡献,其取得的辉煌成就与它早期的思想政治教育是密不可分的。黄埔军校早期的思想政治教育根据其"创造革命军来挽救中国的危亡"的办校宗旨,决定了其思想政治教育以反帝反封建、培养革命人生观为主要内容;在形式上采用了营造革命校园氛围,以政治课为基本教育形式,政治演讲会、政治讨论会为主要课外教育形式,出版进步刊物等;在方法上军事与政治并重、情感与纪律相结合,使得黄埔军校早期的思想政治教育很好达到了孙中山所期望的目标。     

尺度政治与人民——安东尼奥·葛兰西的政治地理思想

文章通过阅读安东尼奥·葛兰西著作发现葛兰西的思想中渗透着政治与空间相互加强的观点,较早地发展了我们现在所称的尺度政治理论和人民地理思想。主要体现在:(1)葛兰西具有敏感的空间直觉,并在意大利经济和政治空间性、政治力量尺度性、消极革命尺度策略之间发现了"生产性的"空间政治力量;(2)葛兰西在狱前就完成了他的意大利空间政治构型,并在《狱中札记》中通过文化霸权理论加强了他的空间政治思想;(3)葛兰西在他的文化霸权理论和消极革命理论中均发现了不同政治力量在不同空间尺度上的策略性,并把这种空间策略调整到了人民解放事业中;(4)葛兰西的无产阶级革命思想有着一个"不断加强的空间政治"过程,并集中体现在与农民和其他阶级力量的联盟意见中。     

狄斯雷利与东方危机时期的英国政治斗争

1875-1878年的东方危机几乎贯穿了狄斯雷利的整个第二届首相任期.在这次危机中,狄斯雷利不仅在国际舞台上为维护英国的利益纵横捭阖,还在国内与格拉斯敦为首的自由党反对派和以德比为首的党内反对派明争暗斗,而后者在相当大的程度上影响了狄斯雷利外交政策的基调.分析狄斯雷利的帝国主义观点以及当时的国内政治斗争,无疑有助于我们从一个侧面加深对英国东方政策的认识和了解.     

柏克政治思想述评

柏克的政治思想内容庞杂,学界争论也较多,尽管一般地他被看做保守主义的教父,但同时也具有自由主义的面相。要完整地把握柏克的思想,似需从两方面着手：（1）在英国及其殖民地政治事务上,他常常表现出自由主义的一面。不过,从英格兰政治思想史角度来看,则背离了洛克所奠基的自由主义原则。（2）在法国革命问题上,他的思想表现出更多的保守主义成分,且这一思想直接导致了辉格党的分裂,却也砥砺了后来的保守党;这种保守主义思想应用于英国及其殖民地的政治事务也许是适当的,但若用来指导其他国家则是荒谬的,甚或是“反动的”。     

邓小平启动政治体制改革

中国的改革是全面改革,政治体制改革是改革的重要组成部分。江泽民同志在党的十五大再一次强调指出,要继续推进政治体制改革。十五大关于政治体制改革的决策,是对邓小平同志关于政治体制改革思想的进一步推进。邓小平生前非常重视政治体制改革,对推动政治体制改革起了重要作用。1980年8月18日,邓小平在中共中央政治局扩大会议上专门作的《党和国家领导制度的改革》的长篇讲话,系统阐述了我国政治体制改革的指导思想和基本思路,成为中国政治体制改革的指导性文件。1986年,他再一次把政治体制改革提上日程,并形成了一系列重要思想。…     

马基雅弗利的政治思想

本文作者以十五、十六世纪西欧历史发展的趋向为背景,分析了马基雅弗利政治思想的几个重要方面。指出:马基雅弗利的政治学说既不以神学捏造为基础,也不以法理的假设作依据,而是一切从实际和经验出发。他研究政治问题的目的是为了寻求一条达到社会安宁、民族统一的道路。他的理论基础是人的性恶论。表面上,他的共和思想与君主主张是相矛盾的,他的国家目的论与他的政治手段也很难调和,但实际上,它们有着内在的联系。作者认为,马基雅弗利在思想和政治领域内代表了进步的历史趋势,是他那个时代的伟大思想家。     

那些不顾一切的日与夜

略带青涩的Beatles坐在1963年的舞台上；1978年演唱会上．theClash摆出他们的经典姿势；事业巅峰的Oasis微笑在1995，2010的格拉斯顿们罩音乐节上Florence and the Machine白衣飘飘……6月的广州，琶醍艺术区一个空旷的展厅里．一场英伦摇滚50年摄影展正把观者带回那些不顾一切的日与夜。     

G.E. Moore and political philosophy: Gerald F. Shove's fellowship dissertation (1911)

In 1911 Gerald F. Shove, later to become a leading Cambridge economist, submitted to King's College a fellowship dissertation on the application of G.E. Moore's ethical philosophy to political theory. In the article the dissertation, hitherto unpublished, is discussed with reference to both the acceptance and elaboration of Moore's Principia Ethica by the members of the Apostles and Bloomsbury groups and Shove's intellectual and personal biography. The thesis tackles some major concepts in political theory like the nature of human societies, self-government, justice and freedom.     

Reading Beside the Lines: Marginalia,W.E. Gladstone,and the International History of the Bulgarian Horrors

This article explores the marginalia found in the personal volumes of William Ewart Gladstone in the context of the Great Eastern Crisis (1875–8). Diverging from previous narratives, which have lionised Gladstone for his apparently prophetic support for the independence of Christian subjects within the Ottoman Empire, this article argues that Gladstone read and understood little about modern South-Eastern European history, Bulgaria, or the Bulgarians before the publication of his influential political pamphlet, The Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East. Gladstone's powerful interjection, based upon widespread, imagined categories of cultural understanding, directly influenced British foreign policy at a critical juncture with profound international consequences. Britain abandoned its traditional support of the Ottoman Empire - allowing Russia to wage a punitive war against its former ally - and instead supported the independence of the ‘Christian races’ of the Balkans along the budding principle of national self-determination. Gladstone's marginalia provide a unique linkage between studies of cultural languages of understanding, individual decision-making, the mechanisms of political power, and the construction of foreign policy. In certain cases, therefore, marginalia may help reveal the nexus between local histories of cultural production and major events in international history.     

Turnout,preferential voting and vote flows in the E.U. election1

ABSTRACT

This article aims at focusing on four main features of the European elections that were held on 26 May 2019. Firstly, it analyses electoral turnout, both from a diachronic and a geographical point of view. Secondly, it presents electoral data and identifies winners and losers of the vote, not only by comparing 2019 E.U. results to 2014 E.U. results and 2018 political results, but especially focusing on the territorial dimension of electoral dynamics. Thirdly, it discusses flows of vote in five Italian cities (Brescia, Turin, Florence, Naples, Palermo), in order to give a clearer picture of how citizens (potentially) changed their electoral preferences from 2018 to 2019. Fourthly, it focuses on preferential vote, with the aim of distinguishing between parties characterized by ‘micro-personalization’ and ‘macro-personalization’. On many of these aspects, the 2019 European elections in Italy can be understood on the basis of the well-known ‘second-order election theory’. Yet, there are also interesting empirical findings that deviate from this pattern, among which the electoral success of the League – one of the two parties in government at the moment of the elections – merits further attention and can be mostly explained on the basis of government political action. That same electoral success, in addition, represented one of the causes that led to the end of the so-called yellow-green government in August 2019.     

俄国近代政治恐怖主义的源流

俄国近代政治恐怖主义被视为近现代国际恐怖主义之源,而涅恰耶夫被视为政治恐怖主义的“鼻祖”。他的极端主义的理论思想、政治主张和活动方式,不仅对19世纪七八十年代俄国的社会政治运动,而且对民意党和社会革命党,都产生了极其重要的影响。而民意党和社会革命党的恐怖主义理论、组织原则、宣传和行动方式,则为当代国际恐怖主义组织所继承。     

A.F. Pollard*

A.F. Pollard is now better remembered for founding the Institute of Historical Research than he is for his scholarship. In his heyday, however, Pollard was a formidable and prolific historian, primarily of parliament and the Tudor period. Pollard has been characterised both as a modernist and as a whig historian. Rejecting romantic invocations of liberty, he extolled instead the sovereign nation state, pinpointing the 16th century as the moment when it was achieved. Pollard rejected anachronistic accounts of parliament's development: for him, the assembly had grown by accident (out of the medieval king's council), rather than by design. This adaptability had ensured parliament's longevity and would preserve it into the future. Pollard revered the English parliament all the more for its embodiment of this national good fortune. Pollard helped to professionalise the discipline of history, but his own writings could be found wanting when measured against the standards that he had advocated. Criticism of his approach and assumptions comes easily now. Yet, upon reacquaintance, historians of parliament may find enduring interest in Pollard's shrewd and extensive work.     

Continental excursion, 1928, of the Glasgow university school of geography

An assessment is made of developments in agriculture and fish farming within the Integrated Development Programme (I.D.P.) for the Western Isles. The five‐year I.D.P., which was launched in 1982, was partly funded by the E.E.C. The extent of investment in agriculture and fish farming is reviewed. The growth of employment and output in fish farming is reported, and various agricultural indicators such as trends in livestock numbers and performance are assessed. Various conclusions and lessons that can be drawn from the experience of the Western Isles I.D.P. are discussed. The paper is a summary of a detailed assessment recently carried out by the author for the Highlands and Islands Development Board.     

After Madison. Public-Spiritedness and Local Political Life

This article examines the themes of political community, race, family, and history in the John Sayles film Lone Star. Although Sayles explicitly states that he is using the film to call into question many of the boundaries that individuals and communities take for granted, the author suggests that the film presents a more complex and more positive view of the place of boundaries in the life of an individual or a community.