“嘉惠士林”的清代扬州盐商

清代性灵派诗人袁枚对扬州情有独钟,眷恋扬州的自然风光、人文景观,常来扬州冶游一番,探亲访友,赋诗作文。他在《扬州游马氏玲珑山馆吊秋玉主人》诗中称：“山馆玲珑水石清,邗江此处最著名。     

唐宋时期瓜洲沙洲变迁与沿江政区响应

中唐以来扬州、润州江面上的瓜洲规模逐渐扩大,最终同江北扬州相连,扬州滨江土地的增加与长江江面的收束使该地区政区变化频繁。江中沙洲时期,瓜洲分属于扬州、润州,并岸后以江为界,全属扬州。唐末以来扬州滨江区域逐渐发展,北宋初年通过割县与升州,扬州一分为二,长江两岸形成昇、润、扬、真四州两两相对的地域结构。南宋时期,瓜洲在某些时段遥隶镇江,以江为界与跨江遥隶代表着滨水区域两种不同的地域结构,后者重视对长江水域的控制,因此在宋廷构建江防体系与元军围困扬州的过程中凸显出来。     

扬州印迹

扬州市档案局、扬州市方志办编纂的《扬州印迹》一书,由广陵书社出版。 《扬州印迹》全套3册,分为《钩沉》《人物》《遗韵》篇。《钩沉》以事为经,纵述扬州建城至今境域内各类重要或有影响的事件;《人物》着重选刊扬州籍或客籍扬州、驻足扬州的有一定影响和地位的人物的传记类文章;《遗韵》着重选刊对境域内各类古迹景点、建筑住宅等历史遗存追溯的文章。     

清代前期徽州盐商和扬州城市经济的发展

清代前期,徽州盐商在扬州地区的经营活动,对扬州城市经济的恢复和发展,起到了不可低估的历史作用。本文拟就徽州盐商于盐业经营之外的有关经济、社会活动以及对扬州城市经济发展的影响,作一初步考察分析。 (一) 清初,徽州盐商与扬州城市经济的联系,主要表现为捐赈。明清鼎革之际,扬州遭惨清兵十日屠城之祸,扬州百姓约几十万人丧生,昔日繁华的扬州城几成一片废墟,“扬州十日”惨案对这一地区的社会生产力和城市经济破坏极大。随着两淮盐业生产的     

千年风流史 一座扬州城 “丝路百城传”之《扬州传》

正《扬州传——绿杨明月映珠帘》,扬州著名文化学者韦明铧著,2021年3月由中国国际出版集团出版。该书是中国外文局"丝路百城传"重点出版项目之一。《扬州传》围绕扬州和丝绸之路的关系,从扬州在中外交往史上的重要史实、扬州作为中外交往的著名港湾、今天扬州的寻常百姓故事等方面入手,再现了扬州城市的千古风流。全书共八章,30万字。     

瓜洲王氏:唐代扬州第一望族

正扬州王氏是中唐崛起的文化世家,堪称唐代扬州第一望族。尽管扬州人对唐代王播的名字比较熟悉,对"饭后钟""碧纱笼"典故耳熟能详。但对唐代的这个王氏家族则了解不多,尤其对这个家族"一门四进士两宰相"更是知之甚少。王播同其弟王炎、王起皆为进士,侄子王铎也是进士。《嘉庆重修扬州府志》一书收录的唐代扬州进士仅九人,王氏兄弟独占其四。"一门两宰相"也殊为不易,王播和其侄王铎,都曾两度出任唐朝宰相,在扬州历史上尚无先例。王播居官10年,历经唐穆宗、唐敬     

《永乐大典》收录扬州方志考略

扬州历来是人文发达的地区。最早在汉代即已修有志书,即东汉王逸所撰的《广陵郡图经》,此后晋、隋、唐诸代均有志书。至宋代,志书的修撰及其体例均臻于完备。明清时,扬州志书的编纂则更具规模。《永乐大典》是明代的大型官修类书,其中收录了4部扬州方志,分别是：《广陵续志》、《宝祐惟扬志》、《扬州府志》和《扬州志》,这4部方志均为宋明时方志,原志均已佚失。借助《大典》保留的佚文,方可略窥诸志面貌。本文拟以佚文为线索,对此4部方志加以考证,或能对扬州地区的古方志研究而有所裨益。     

走进扬州

<正>扬州曾经鹤立鸡群!"扬州成为世界城市,有一千五百年光辉的历史,比之巴黎、伦敦更早。它是我们艺术文化集大成的所在,比之希腊、罗马而无愧色。"(曹聚仁《万里行记》)如果没有扬州,中国历史就像弱不禁风的男子一样令人失望!扬州之名,始见于《尚书?禹贡》。六朝以前的扬州,作为九州之一,几乎包括了今天的苏、浙、沪、徽、赣和闽,一直与现代意义的扬州     

扬州工 行天下

扬州——中国历史文化名城。她不比天子脚下的京城,充斥着唯我独尊的霸道王气;也不比山温水暖的苏杭,洋溢着小桥流水的恬淡雅致;更不比长河落日的塞外名城,镌刻着丝绸之路的点点足迹。但是,她以特有的精湛工艺吸引着络绎不绝的海内外宾朋,展现出舟车辐辏、市廛繁华的历史长卷。“苏州胭脂扬州粉”、“和田玉、扬州工”、清代宫廷御膳小菜和见证扬州千年历史的漆器工艺, 使得“谢馥春”香粉、“扬州酱菜”、“扬州漆器”不仅荣获巴拿马世界博览会奖章,并成为扬州馈赠国际友人的礼品和走向世界的文化名片。     

从《扬州画舫录》看两淮盐商对扬州文化发展的作用

清代扬州是两淮盐运要地,盐商麋集,经济繁荣。"富甲天下"的两淮盐商对扬州的文化教育事业的大力支持,促进了扬州的文化繁荣。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF ISLAMIC POTTERY GLAZES FROM FUSTAT,EGYPT*

Lead isotope analyses have been undertaken on a group of Islamic lead‐glazed pottery artefacts from Fustat, Egypt, spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th century ad , that had previously been the subject of a comprehensive typological, chronological, petrographic and technological study. Comparison of the lead isotope ratios for the glazes with those for lead ores from Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Anatolia, Greece, Sardinia and Spain provided information on the possible sources of the lead used in the production of the glazes. The results show that the lead used in glaze production by the Islamic potters at Fustat was most probably obtained from distant ore sources in Iran or Tunisia, Sardinia, Spain and the Taurus Mountains. Different ore sources were favoured in different periods and, to a limited extent, for different types of pottery, but at no time did the Fustat potters use the potentially more accessible Egyptian ore sources.     

Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin,S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov

Schmidt, R., March 2007. Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin, S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov. Alcheringa 31, 67-84. ISSN 0311-5518.

Free-living bryozoans are diverse in the Eocene sediments of the St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. They include Bonellina pentagonalis gen. et sp. nov., Otionellina sp. cf. O. exigua (Tenison Woods), Otionellina sp. cf. O. cupola (Tenison Woods), Tubiporella magna (Tenison Woods), Celleporaria nummularia (Tenison Woods), and an indeterminate species only found as moulds. This diversity and abundance is highest in the sediments representing the initial transgressive marine facies, where they occur in ‘sand fauna’ bryozoan assemblages (e.g. with Melicerita and Siphonicytara). Free-living bryozoans decrease up-section and are absent from latest Eocene sediments, indicating a significant environmental shift.

Rolf Schmidt [rschmid@museum.vic.gov.au], Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia; received 18.3.2005, revised 14.12.2005.