玛雅探秘

正考古学家认为,古典玛雅是西班牙殖民时期前美洲大陆上最灿烂辉煌的文明,玛雅时代是无法超越的,史无前例的,巅峰鼎盛时代。墨西哥尤卡坦半岛拥有最为典型的玛雅遗迹,玛雅人精通的建筑学、天文学、数学、占星学在这片土地上得到了完美体现。以旅游胜地坎昆为中心向四周辐射的奇琴伊察、科巴、图卢姆玛雅遗址……这一片片未知的神秘圣地,吸引着我一探究竟。我试图走马观花,采撷那些虚幻的浮光掠影,拣拾残存的历史碎片,推测还原     

玛雅奇迹奇琴伊察

<正>没到墨西哥旅行之前,对于我来说奇琴伊察(Chichen Itza)就是玛雅古文化的代名词,那时候我并不知道在尤卡坦半岛上星罗棋布着那么多玛雅城市遗迹。根据考古验证,奇琴伊察是玛雅全盛时期的首都,让这座庞大的遗迹建筑群得以被最大限度地修复与保护。     

奉天省第一届国会议员选举析论

民初国会议员的选举是国家权力机关的选举,是真正具有资产阶级民主制度意义的选举,因此,它具有开创性的意义。从奉天省的选举来看,虽然有各种问题存在,但基本上是按照法定程序进行的。在选举过程中出现的问题,被揭示出来后,有的经过协调,重新举行选举,有的进入诉讼程序,具备了一定的公开性。通过国会议员选举这个平台,各个政党进行了多种多样的竞选活动,使民初政坛首次出现了多样的政治声音。从奉天省第一届国会议员选举的实际过程来看,基本上体现了现代选举制度的法制化、公开化、规范化原则。但我们也看到,这次选举中所表现出来的选民占人口比例过低、选民漏登记、选举管理疏漏、竞选失范等等问题,都说明中国的选举制度还仅仅是一个开始,还有很长的路要走。     

玛雅低地的聚落形态

聚落考古是当代考古学的基本方法之一,戈登·R.·威利就是这一方法的鼻祖。他自1950年代在秘鲁维鲁河谷的开拓性工作被公认为聚落考古的一座里程碑。之后,威利又做了大量这方面的研究,为这种方法的成熟和完善做出了巨大的贡献。其中,玛雅低地的聚落形态研究就是威利的经典案例之一。在这篇文章中威利主要探讨了通过玛雅低地聚落形态研究其政治、经济问题的一些方法与途径,并结合玛雅象形文字资料,得出了对古代玛雅社会一些迥然不同于以往的新认识,并由此深刻反思了聚落考古方法的优势和局限性。本文的研究方法以及所提出的一些问题对于今天方兴未艾的中国聚落考古研究有着深刻的启示:聚落考古对于文明起源与农业起源这些战略性课题的研究有何重大意义?如何全面看待聚落考古方法本身?如何使调查资料与其它资料结合?,这些都是非常值得我们重视、思考和借鉴的问题。     

孙中山与国民党“一大”精神

1924年1月,国民党“一大”的胜利召开是中国国民党和孙中山一生革命事业中的一件大事。“一大”通过了十三项议案,其中最能体现“一大”精神的两大成果是：通过“一大”《宣言》和国民党新章程的确立,使濒临瓦解的国民党从此焕发了青春活力,向着一个有鲜明主义、有严密组织、有群众基础的党迈进。本围绕国民党“一大”两大成果的达成,探讨国民党“一大”精神与孙中山的思想,以便真切地了解孙中山晚年的思想。     

Ecology,equality and change: Mayan Indians in Guatemala

Douglas E. Brintnall. Revolt against the Dead: The Modernization of a Mayan Community in the Highlands of Guatemala. New York: Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc., 1979. xxiii + 199 pp. Maps, tables, photographs, appendices and references. $21.00.     

On yellow and red pigmented bones found in Mayan burials of Jaina

In the island of Jaina, Campeche, red and yellow pigmented bones have been found. The study of the yellow and red colors in these burials is important for their possible interpretation, either religious, intentional coloring, or to understand taphonomic processes such as reactions of the original pigments with other compounds. Yellow color on bones is unusual in prehispanic burials.     

Analysing Women's Movements

Women's movements, understood as variant forms of collective action in pursuit of common goals, have been analysed in both feminist political theory and development studies. This article aims to combine these two discussions to provide a theoretical account of the emergence and character of such movements through the identification of three different forms of collective action, termed ‘independent’, ‘associative’ and ‘directed’. The article considers the relation of such movements to projects of general political import, be these of an authoritarian or democratic character, and returns to the debate over the usefulness or otherwise of conceptualizing women's interests. It concludes with an assessment of the place of women's movements in the contemporary politics of citizenship.     

Leadership and Coordination in Legislatures: The "President" of the First American Congress: 1774-1789

We analyze the viability of the office of President of Congress as a source of leadership in the Continental and Confederation Congresses.1 Our primary interest is in institutionally grounded, as opposed to and separate from charismatic or personal, bases for leadership. We show that virtually every institutional support for leadership power recognized to be at work in the modern Congress was absent in the Continental Congresses. We trace the origins of these limitations on leadership power and potential to a series of decisions taken during 1774 and 1775 and substantially maintained and even elaborated over the fifteen-year history of the Congress. The result was that even though the institution was awash in "leaders," men like Virginia's Peyton Randolph, Massachusetts' John Hancock, and New York's John Jay, stable and effective "leadership" from the office of President of Congress proved to be impossible.     

Women's History and Biography

Books reviewed in this article: Helen M. Hopper, A New Woman of Japan: A Political Biography of Kato-Shidzue Delia Jarrett-Macauley, The Life of Una Marson 1905-65 Cynthia Nelson, Doria Shafik, Egyptian Feminist: A Woman Apart Judith Olmstead, Woman Between Two Worlds: Portrait of an Ethiopian RuralLeader Lizabeth Paravisini-Gebert, Phyllis Shand Allfrey: A Caribbean Life     

殷淳《妇人集》及《妇人诗集》考论——兼与许云和《南朝妇人集考论》一文商榷

在诸史书目录志所著录的南朝共十部妇人集中,刘宋时殷淳撰《妇人集》与《妇人诗集》可以被认为是我国现存最早的女性作品总集,不仅开创了我国文学编纂史上撰辑女性总集的风气,并影响到从南朝梁至清代系列女性作品总集的编纂。《妇人集》的内容虽然只残存于《世说新语》、《太平御览》等书中,但已可见出撰者对待女性创作的肯定意识和前瞻心态,亦可见出汉魏六朝女性作者的文才文论与群体风貌。     

抗战时期妇女指导委员会与妇女宪政运动

全面抗战时期,为维护女性权益,妇女指导委员会掀起了两次妇女宪政运动的浪潮,呼吁增加国民大会妇女代表的名额以及宪法上切实规定男女平等的条文,给予妇女各种保障与扶助,起到了全国妇女运动发动机的作用.妇女指导委员会是联合各党各派妇女杭日的统一战线组织,由于各方面对实施宪政的出发点和目的不同,宪政运动中难免存在分歧和矛盾.