日本的产业技术扶持政策与实施手段 以太阳能产业为例

日本经济的核心是日本企业以持续技术革新为基础的国际竞争力。日本企业之所以能持续进行技术革新是与日本政府的政策引导和支持分不开的。本文指出日本政府在国家总体目标之下,利用自身的信息优势和资源优势,根据时代的变迁,制定不同的产业技术政策,通过政策引导,使企业能够明确技术革新的方向,并通过对市场的增进为新技术提供需求,从而促进新兴产业的发展。     

比较优势产业的政府扶持政策研究——以纺织业为例

虽然我国是纺织业大国,但大而不强,2005年配额制完全取消后,纺织业面临新的困惑。为了实现纺织强国的梦想,在纺织业发展中要重新界定政府的职能,发挥政府的作用,政府应制定积极的扶持政策来解决纺织业发展中面临的困境,增强产业竞争力。     

九一八事变后日本政府对中华民国留日学生政策述论

鉴于国内外学者对九一八事变至七七事变之间的中国留日学生研究相对薄弱,笔者以日本外务省外交史料馆的档案材料为基础,选取九一八事变后日本政府对中华民国留日学生的政策为主要内容,系统阐述九一八事变爆发后日本政府对中华民国留日学生的关注与调查,以及这一时期日本政府对中华民国留日学生接收政策的演变、戒备心理日重的教育实态和更加严密的监控管理政策。     

生产网络演化视角下的城市产业升级路径研究——以汕头市纺织服装行业为例

如何根据自身经济活动所具有的空间组织特征和演化轨迹来选择升级路径,是城市政府需要解决的重要问题。本文以粤东城镇群区域中心城市汕头为例,选择具有传统优势的纺织服装产业,整合经济地理关系范式和演化范式的方法构建分析框架,运用访谈获得的企业关系数据和相关资料,分别对汕头纺织服装行业生产组织的历史路径以及当前在区域生产网络中的地位进行分析,提出汕头纺织服装行业未来进行升级的路径选择。本文在城市产业发展规划如何借鉴西方经济地理新理论范式方面进行了尝试性探索。     

试析我国经济发展中的产业组织政策

产业组织政策是国家政府政策体系的一个基本组成部分,它是一国政府为获取利润最大化所采取的措施,无论在理论上还是实践上,它都具有重要意义。本文通过对产业组织政策的作用的阐释,针对我国产业组织政策现状与问题的分析,提出了相关的改进建议。     

产业集群理论的争论、困惑与评论

产业集群理论是近年来在学术界及政策界影响较大的理论之一。但产业集群理论仍是发展中的理论,在国外有很大的争论。本文介绍了西方学者对产业集群的争论,重点分析了产业集群空间界限及划分、产业集群与产业演化及区域发展、产业集群与全球化及产业政策方面存在的问题,在此基础上,进行了理论评述。     

日本经济扩张性财政、货币政策双失效的新IS-LM模型分析

20世纪90年代以来,日本经济陷入长期衰退的惯性运动而不能自拔。其间,日本政府选择了扩张财政政策和货币政策的双松政策搭配,但其宏观经济反而是每况愈下,甚至积累了巨额财政赤字和超低利率,本文运用反常的IS-LM模型的分析,说明日本政府双松政策搭配失效的原因及对策,以上分析对于中国宏观经济的调控也具有现实借鉴的意义。     

日本经济扩张性财政、货币政策双失效的新IS-LM模型分析

20世纪90年代以来,日本经济陷入长期衰退的惯性运动而不能自拔.其间,日本政府选择了扩张财政政策和货币政策的双松政策搭配,但其宏观经济反而是每况愈下,甚至积累了巨额财政赤字和超低利率.本文运用反常的IS-LM模型的分析,说明日本政府双松政策搭配失效的原因及对策.以上分析对于中国宏观经济的调控也具有现实借鉴的意义.     

中国电影产业扶植政策的发展与反思

电影被认为是与民族认同的意识形态关系最密切的一种文化产品,各国政府都高度重视电影产业,并制定积极的电影政策。本文在描述全球电影产业的基本轮廓之后,主要描述中国电影产业扶植政策,以及其中存在的不足和政策建议。     

中国电影产业扶植政策的发展与反思

电影被认为是与民族认同的意识形态关系最密切的一种文化产品,各国政府都高度重视电影产业,并制定积极的电影政策。本文在描述全球电影产业的基本轮廓之后,主要描述中国电影产业扶植政策,以及其中存在的不足和政策建议。     

Film policy in Japan – an isolated species on the verge of extinction?

This article examines changes of the place that film has occupied in the public policy of the Japanese government, including not only cultural policy per se, but also industrial and economic policy. After describing some of the distinctive features of the Japanese film market, this paper discusses the inadequate basis of the government’s cultural policy for film. Film in recent years has received some attention as an industry with export potential, particularly with the rise of ‘Cool Japan’, the policy of promoting Japanese culture abroad as a tool for economic and diplomatic aims. In the chequered history of economic growth strategies and nation branding of recent years, the film industry has had some good news but received no serious attention either as a sector with economic significance or as a form of national culture.     

Trade agreements and the myth of policy constraint in Australia

In this paper, I challenge the conventional view that trade agreements act as a major constraint on Australia’s industry policy options. Through a comparison with South Korea – a country with similar trade obligations to Australia – I find that the Australian government retains significant room to move in the industry policy sphere. However, Australian policy-makers appear far less willing than their foreign counterparts to use that space. To explain Australia’s comparative industry policy in-activism, I move beyond broad-brush explanations centred on ‘liberal ideology’ to explore the ideational, institutional and structural obstacles to the pursuit of a more proactive industry policy approach on the part of Australian policy-makers.     

The cultural industry policies of the Korean government and the Korean Wave

The paper examines how the Korean government promoted Korea’s cultural industries over the last 20?years. In the early 1990s, there was a radical departure in the government’s cultural industry policy, from that of political control over the cultural industries to viewing them as central to the government’s export-focused economic development strategies. The policy of developing the cultural industries was implemented in conjunction with government investment in other strategic industries, such as the information and communication technology industries. In the 2000s, the domestic market for cultural products expanded and diversified rapidly as the Korean society enjoyed improved living standards and a growing middle class demanded improved quality from Korea’s cultural products. The rapid development of other industries also facilitated the enhanced competitiveness of Korean cultural products in global markets. As a result, Korea’s cultural industries made substantial inroads into East-Asian markets in the late 1990s and into global markets in the 2000s.     

From fashion product industries to fashion: upgrading trends in traditional industry in Taiwan

In the 1990s, China opened its economic markets and replaced the New Institutional Economics (NIEs) of East Asia as the global centre for sourcing labour. This event changed the spatial and economic structure in Asia, especially in Taiwan. Based on the historical evolution of the textile and clothing industry in Taiwan, this study examined how traditional textile and apparel manufacturing was upgraded in Taipei, the capital of Taiwan, and in Tainan, the most historical city of Taiwan, under varying resource availability and under different city policies. While referring to both second-hand information and the literature, the results of interviews with fashion industry professionals were also considered. This study revealed that the potential to upgrade the fashion industry was highly associated with regional background characteristics. Additionally, lack of talent and the limited market for domestic brands create the largest bottleneck in the current fashion industry in Taiwan. Accordingly, the optimal solution for the fashion industry in Taiwan is to promote affordable Taiwanese brands and to use e-commerce. Such integration may enhance the position of the Taiwanese fashion industry in global networks.     

Truncated Decision Making and Deliberative Implementation: A Time-Based Policy Process Model for Transitional China

The time dimension has not attracted enough attention in policy process research in China, yet speed is the most distinctive feature of China’s recent development. This article, based on observations of China’s policy practices, proposes a new research perspective for understanding how the Chinese government has been able to address policy challenges in an era of rapid transition. The approach adopted by the government allows decision makers to respond quickly to serious problems with a truncated decision-making process, and then implement the decisions through a more gradual deliberative process. The article examines China’s coal-mining industry reform as an empirical case to illustrate how this governance approach has been used to achieve major policy reform, namely property rights reform for coal mines, while simultaneously maintaining stability, regulating production safety, and stimulating industrial development. The article concludes with a discussion of the broad implications of this pattern for improving the effectiveness of public policy both in and outside China.     

Shaping comparative advantage: the evolution of trade and industry policy in Australia

This paper provides an overview of Australia’s experience with trade and industry policy since Federation in light of the dilemmas facing a small, rich, remote, resource-based economy. It focuses on the attempt to diversify away from a dependence on the export of primary products and to move beyond – while still also continuing to exploit – the country’s natural comparative advantage. It examines the rise and decline, purpose and effects, of protectionism; moments of experimentation with interventionist industry policy; and effects of the mining boom. In doing so, it considers Australia’s particular economic circumstances and factor endowments in light of competing notions of comparative advantage and the appropriate role of government in promoting economic development and competitiveness.     

近代天津华商纱厂经营衰败原因再探——以裕元公司为中心

一战期间列强忙于欧战,加之纱贵花贱,天津棉纺织业获得快速发展,1920年代初天津华商六大纱厂相继建成,然而纱业萧条却接踵而至,各纱厂虽然调整振作试图走出困境,但是却越陷越深,延至1930年代均归于失败。通过梳理裕元纱厂负债经营的过程,不难得知其得利先分,举债扩张,运营中流动资金不足,动辄则仰给于借款,为企业发展埋下病根;公积金、折旧提取不足,造成固定设备不能及时更新,产品结构老化,以至于产品积压,资金周转过慢,债息愈来愈重,企业不堪重负最终解散。这一时期天津其他华商纱厂情况大体类似。以往对于纱业经营危机的研究,多强调企业经营内外环境的恶化,尤其日方纱商的挤压是造成经营衰败的原因。实际上,天津棉纺织业自身经营的内在缺陷即资产负债率过高是导致其衰败的主要原因。     

Mazamet and the Skin Wool Trade 1850–1913

Abstract

In 1955, northern Nigerian government officials, working together with the British textile firm, David Whitehead &; Sons, successfully began arrangements to build the first large textile manufacturing mill in Nigeria, Kaduna Textiles Ltd (KTL), which began production in 1957. In the following decade, several textile mills opened in Kaduna, northern Nigeria, including Arewa Textiles, United Nigerian Textiles Ltd (UNTL) and Nortex among others. Textile production, spinning and dyeing operations expanded in Kaduna during the oil boom years of the 1970s. Yet by 1997, KTL, Arewa Textiles and UNTL were barely functioning, operating with obsolete equipment, without capital to obtain spare parts and without a regular source of electricity. By 2007, all three mills had closed. In this paper, we examine the growth and the reasons for the subsequent decline of textile manufacturing in Kaduna. We argue that the industry’s decline reflected both internal problems — such as frequent changes in political leadership, which contributed to abrupt shifts in industrial policy and a failure to maintain power infrastructure — and external factors — such as the implementation of a structural adjustment programme in 1986 that deregulated the currency and made imports of spare parts and modern weaving equipment prohibitively expensive. In addition, changes in international textile trade agreements and the liberalisation of Nigerian-Chinese trade after 2010 have undermined present efforts at revitalising local textile manufacturing. The paper concludes with an assessment of efforts in the first decade of the twenty-first century to reopen these Kaduna textile firms.     

是日本“勇士”,还是杀人恶魔?——对南京大屠杀期间日本报刊报道日军“杀人比赛”的剖析

在1937年11月到12月侵华日军进攻中国首都南京与进行惨绝人寰的大屠杀期间,日军主力第16师团两名法西斯青年军官向井明敏与野田毅对中国战俘与平民进行骇人听闻的所谓"百人斩"杀人比赛。日本《东京日日新闻》等报刊对这两名法西斯分子的疯狂行径,在短短十余天时间中,竟连续四次进行跟踪报道,把这两个杀人恶魔吹捧为"日本勇士",产生了极其恶劣的影响。这个事例典型地说明了战时日本新闻传媒记者中的绝大多数人具备了日本军国主义者的一切思想特征与行为特征,是日本当局对中国实施武力征复与屠杀恐怖政策的宣传鼓动者。他们的战场报道宣扬日本的"侵略有理"与"屠杀有功",充满了法西斯的野蛮、霸道与无耻。