清代前期账局、放账铺研究--以五种账局、放账铺清单的解读为中心

清代前期不但有资本规模较大,主要针对商号及官员放贷的大账局,也有资本规模较小,可能针对小商人、小手工业者甚至地主农民放贷的放账铺。至少从乾隆年间开始,账局、放账铺已经比较普遍地运用合伙制的方式筹措资本。账局的重要业务之一就是对官员放京债,这种放贷利率高、数额大,但风险也甚高。与此同时,账局也开始大规模地对商号商人放贷,每家较大型的账局至少可能对三十至五十家以上的商号放贷,放贷数额常到一千两以上,最少也有一百两。这种放贷,直至道光年间还很兴盛。账局、放账铺已经具有了商业银行的功能,但是否够得上商业银行,还须进一步探讨。     

Barriers to Co-Governance: Examining the "Chemistry" of Home-Care Networks in Germany, England, and Quebec

This article aims at studying the dynamics of organized home care and particular problems in the delivery of social services, analyzed against the background of the international recasting of welfare systems. Challenging an influential academic discourse on the advent of new forms of network governance thought to improve service provision, three jurisdictions—Germany, England, and Quebec—are compared with regard to how home-care networks are actually configured and the rationales which appear to shape the interaction between network members. The article argues that notwithstanding the extensive literature extolling the virtues of network governance or the possibility of reconciling different governance modes, home care operates through arrangements embracing conflicting rationales. Rather than providing for mutual adjustment and shared perspectives, contemporary home-care networks tend to produce tensions and outcome problems as a result of the "biased" interplay between various steering rationales within given institutional arrangements and different meta-governance regimes.     

社会史:新的史学范式与新的通史观念--评赵世瑜著《狂欢与日常--明清以来的庙会与民间社会》

赵世瑜教授是当代中国社会史研究的积极倡导者和实践者之一,所著《狂欢与日常——明清以来的庙会与民间社会》一书,探讨了当代中国社会史研究力图形成的新的历史解释思路、新的通史意识及其发展态势与存在的问题。     

Building the Reservoir to Nowhere: The Role of Agencies in Advocacy Coalitions

The purpose of the advocacy coalition framework is to explain policy change over time through an examination of the stability of advocacy coalitions within policy subsystems. Recently, scholars have confirmed that advocacy coalitions are held together by shared belief systems, specifically in distributive policy arenas. We contend that federal agencies, in distributive policy arenas, provide both the anchors and support systems for the development and maintenance of belief systems. This anchoring helps provide adequate resources, access to political institutions, ability to control administrative process, and/or the capacity to deliver public goods and services. We conducted an analysis of the policy changes that occurred during the implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act for the construction of the Bureau of Reclamation's Animas‐La Plata project. This is an example where administrators, through the management of information, were able to control the policy process. The analysis provides a needed replication of previous findings regarding policy change and offers new insights into how institutions are critical to subsystem stability over time.     

对区域社会和谐发展问题的思考

实现区域社会和谐发展是构建社会主义和谐社会的基础。我国地域宽广,不同区域在经济社会发展程度、自然资源、生态环境、历史文化传统及其所面临的问题等方面,都有自身的特点。从民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、安定有序、充满活力、人与自然和谐相处等六个方面入手,结合区域自身特点,切实解决区域社会和谐发展中面临的现实问题,不断推进区域社会和谐,进而由每一个区域的社会和谐,走向全社会的和谐,这可能是构建社会主义和谐社会合理的路径选择。     

构建和谐社会的社区治理路径

社区和谐是社会和谐的微观基础,构建和谐社会应该从社区治理入手。而社区居民之间普遍的信任、互惠的规范和通过自主组织所建立起来的致密的社会参与网络构成了社区居民合作所依赖的社会资本,这些社会资本既是社区治理的基础,也是实现社区发展和社会和谐的社会资源。因而有必要认清我国社会资本的现状,培育社会资本以有利于和谐社会的实现。     

中国社会性公共服务空间分异研究

本文构建了社会性公共服务水平测度指标体系,对1990年以来中国社会性公共服务空间分异过程、特征及机制进行了系统分析。结果表明,中国社会性公共服务的空间分异程度总体上偏高,中国社会性公共服务水平东西两极分化明显,呈东高西低的空间格局;1990-2005年,中国社会性公共服务空间分异过程总体上呈V字形,1990-1994年社会性公共服务空间分异程度趋于缩小,之后转为扩大;中国社会性公共服务的空间分异受两种机制支配,即经济空间分异对社会性公共服务空间分异的导向性影响,以及经济空间分异、人口向东部地区迁移、社会性公共服务发展的滞后性等因素的综合作用。     

Talking about regional resilience: evidence from two formerly rural Spanish regions

ABSTRACT

This research analyses the contrasting socio-economic performances of two neighbouring territories, which, while sharing similar starting points, have, for various reasons, diverged in terms of their dynamics and ultimately reached different economic resilience levels. Regional production structure, socio-economic assets, social capital endowment and leadership strength, together with institutional and governance quality are factors that may underlie their current differences. The results of the research confirm the hypothesis that these factors are indeed the key to their different resilience levels.     

俄罗斯转型进程中的社会结构分化及福利政策——以政治国家与市民社会互动为主线

20世纪70年代以后,俄罗斯进入了从传统的高度集权政治经济体制向现代市场经济和现代民主法治体制转轨的社会转型期。私有化、市场化以及民主化造成了俄罗斯贫富差距悬殊、新兴的中间阶层出现和“边缘人群”泛滥等社会结构的分化与危机。针对转型中的诸多社会问题,普京时代俄罗斯社会福利政策的改革策略是强调政治国家与市民社会之间的“正和博弈”。俄罗斯“强国家一强社会”的新的治理模式对于同样处在急剧变革中的中国社会管理和公共服务创新无疑是有借鉴意义的。     

Network Dynamics in Natural Resource Governance: A Case Study of Swiss Landscape Management

Structural characteristics of social networks have been recognized as important factors of effective natural resource governance. However, network analyses of natural resource governance most often remain static, even though governance is an inherently dynamic process. In this article, we investigate the evolution of a social network of organizational actors involved in the governance of natural resources in a regional nature park project in Switzerland. We ask how the maturation of a governance network affects bonding social capital and centralization in the network. Applying separable temporal exponential random graph modeling (STERGM), we test two hypotheses based on the risk hypothesis by Berardo and Scholz (2010) in a longitudinal setting. Results show that network dynamics clearly follow the expected trend toward generating bonding social capital but do not imply a shift toward less hierarchical and more decentralized structures over time. We investigate how these structural processes may contribute to network effectiveness over time.     

新中国乡村治理的经验与启示

乡村治理是指以乡村政府为基础的国家机构和乡村其他权威机构,为了维持乡村秩序,促进乡村发展,依据法律、法规和传统习俗等,给乡村社会提供公共服务的活动,是乡村多元主体协同公共管理乡村的过程。正确地处理坚持社会主义公有制与不断探索公有制实现形式的关系,坚持农村土地集体所有制不动摇是乡村治理的根本制度保证;加强农村基层党组织和基层政权建设,充分发挥其在农村的指导、引导、协调和服务功能,调动农民的积极性是乡村治理的主要任务;重视农村文化建设,充分发挥基层文化在维持农村稳定、促进经济发展中的重要作用,是乡村治理中不可忽视的重要内容;正确处理城乡关系,统筹城乡经济社会协调发展是乡村治理的努力方向。     

新时期中国共产党宗教政策恢复拓展的历史条件

自 1 978年以来 ,党的第二代、第三代领导集体对宗教问题给予了高度关心和重视 ,把宗教工作作为党和国家的一项重要工作来抓 ,这是新的历史时期党的宗教政策得以恢复拓展的前提条件 ;从世界总体发展的高度面对中国的宗教问题 ,考虑和解决中国的宗教问题 ,是新时期党的宗教政策恢复拓展的重要条件 ;新时期的宗教研究 ,既丰富了马克思主义关于宗教问题的理论 ,也加深了人们对宗教现象及其社会地位、历史作用的认识 ,为党的宗教政策恢复拓展奠定了坚实的理论基石 ;宗教自身世俗化倾向的加强 ,一方面可以说是党的宗教政策作用的结果 ,另一方面也是促成党的宗教政策恢复拓展的重要因素     

The just city for whom? Re-conceiving active citizenship for lone mothers in Canada

In this article we argue that the ‘just city’ is one that enables individuals to exercise their citizenship, including making choices to participate (or not) in communal existence. However, inequities in resource distribution encountered by lone mothers on income assistance threaten not only individual sustenance and survival, but also the foundational fabric of our society. The implication that an active citizen is one who exercises their rights and responsibilities in a balanced way is problematic, and has the potential to add blame to poverty, justifying exclusion rather than inclusion. Using qualitative data from a longitudinal study of lone mothers in extreme poverty in Vancouver, British Columbia we illustrate how macro-processes within cities (i.e., delivery of affordable housing, food security, childcare, transportation) impinge upon the micro-processes of these women's lives (i.e., impacts on health, economic security, social mobility). Focusing on citizenship as a set of constrained choices challenges the policies and practices of social planning to consider how the scope of citizenship can be expanded by shaping key urban opportunities. Grounding the vision of a just city in the potential for personal agency suggests that policymakers and planners have a key role in shaping citizenship for the most marginalized and oppressed through a combination of providing supports and enabling opportunities in the urban environment.