伦理消费与道德市场

人类一切经济活动的最终目的是消费,通过消费人们可以获得效用、经济福利乃至快乐幸福。市场经济为人类社会创造了空前的物质繁荣,极大地促进了消费和经济福利,但随着市场经济的深入发展,它所导致的全球气候变暖、自然资源枯竭、不公平贸易等问题正在制约着人类社会的可持续发展和公平正义社会体关的建立。在这种背景下,近十年来世界范围内兴起了一种新的消费方式——伦理消费,这种消费及其生活方式尽管在目前尚处于起步和萌芽阶段,但它为全球市场经济的发展隐涵地指出了新的方向——道德市场经济。     

伦理消费与道德市场

人类一切经济活动的最终目的是消费,通过消费人们可以获得效用、经济福利乃至快乐幸福。市场经济为人类社会创造了空前的物质繁荣,极大地促进了消费和经济福利,但随着市场经济的深入发展,它所导致的全球气候变暖、自然资源枯竭、不公平贸易等问题正在制约着人类社会的可持续发展和公平正义社会体关的建立。在这种背景下,近十年来世界范围内兴起了一种新的消费方式—伦理消费,这种消费及其生活方式尽管在目前尚处于起步和萌芽阶段,但它为全球市场经济的发展隐涵地指出了新的方向——道德市场经济。     

林业产业化是实现林业发展方式转变的最佳选择——论昔阳县林业产业化的实现路径

在进一步深化改革开放,全面建设小康社会的新形势下,单纯的林业生态建设已不能适应林业持续发展的需要。林业生态建设向林业产业化转变,是实现林业经济增长方式转变的必然要求、重要内容和最佳选择。只有加快发展方式的转变,才能要适应昔阳小康社会建设的新要求,适应科学发展的新形势,适应全县人民群众对林业发展的新期盼。对于昔阳这个太行山里的农业县来说,不失时机地抓住国家实施退耕还林工程、野生动植物保护工程和太中银高速公路建设的历史机遇,充分发挥林业资源优势,加快林业产业化建设步伐,对于促进＂生态昔阳＂建设,推动昔阳经济、社会、生态可持续发展,实现昔阳发展方式根本性转变和强县富民的宏伟目标,具有十分重大的现实意义和深远历史意义。     

林业产业化是实现林业发展方式转变的最佳选择——论昔阳县林业产业化的实现路径

在进一步深化改革开放,全面建设小康社会的新形势下,单纯的林业生态建设已不能适应林业持续发展的需要。林业生态建设向林业产业化转变,是实现林业经济增长方式转变的必然要求、重要内容和最佳选择。只有加快发展方式的转变,才能要适应昔阳小康社会建设的新要求,适应科学发展的新形势,适应全县人民群众对林业发展的新期盼。对于昔阳这个太行山里的农业县来说,不失时机地抓住国家实施退耕还林工程、野生动植物保护工程和太中银高速公路建设的历史机遇,充分发挥林业资源优势,加快林业产业化建设步伐,对于促进"生态昔阳"建设,推动昔阳经济、社会、生态可持续发展,实现昔阳发展方式根本性转变和强县富民的宏伟目标,具有十分重大的现实意义和深远历史意义。     

转轨时期中国居民消费行为规律及调整对策

消费需求不足是制约转轨时期中国经济发展的一个关键因素。有效扩大居民消费,实现经济可持续发展,是经济学界关注的重要学术问题。本文借鉴西方消费理论以及国内外相关研究成果,全方位、多视角分析转轨时期中国居民消费行为规律及其变化趋势,探究扩大居民消费的基本对策,以期提高国民生活质量,实现经济的持续增长和社会的和谐发展。     

浅析鲍德里亚《消费社会》中的“符号消费”理论

随着西方发达资本主义国家进入消费主导的时代,消费不再简单地只是经济学意义上的需要满足的活动,消费也不再仅仅是消费物品的使用价值,而是更加注重物品的符号价值。鲍德里亚在《消费社会》一书中,揭示了当代资本主义发达国家消费的现状,对＂消费社会＂、＂符号消费＂作出特有论述,以实现其对当代西方社会消费的解析。这对于我们认识当今世界的消费倾向、消费文化以及消费在当今具有的社会功能,对于发展经济,促进经济增长,规定社会秩序等方面具有不可忽视的启示意义。     

酒店管理在旅游目的地可持续发展中的作用探究

本文主要探究酒店管理在旅游目的地可持续发展方面的作用。首先,介绍可持续发展的含义。其次,探讨酒店管理在经济、社会和环境三个层面对旅游目的地可持续发展的影响,经济方面,酒店管理通过促进旅游目的地旅游业的发展和提供就业机会,为当地经济发展作出贡献;社会方面,酒店管理致力于保护旅游目的地的文化遗产,提供优质服务,推动社区参与;环境方面,酒店管理通过节能减排、资源保护和推广可持续实践等方式,减少对旅游目的地环境的负面影响。     

近年来西方学界对英国消费社会兴起问题的研究

光荣革命以来,英国日益迈入现代社会,消费活动在社会生产和生活领域占有日益重要的地位,逐渐成为经济增长和社会发展的重要动力。过去数十年来,以英国学者为代表的西方学界对近代英国消费社会兴起问题进行了深入探究。学者们主要从英国消费革命的具体表现形式、消费社会特征以及消费社会争论、奢侈推动资本主义和消费社会兴起、消费社会主体中产阶级崛起等方面,全面考察了17世纪晚期至18世纪以来,英国在思想文化、经济、社会等领域所发生的急剧社会变迁。     

大学生消费心理与消费行为问题分析及对策

大学生的消费是社会消费的重要组成部分,他们在现代社会的消费观念、生活方式、流行时尚的影响下,消费的心理和行为往往产生彼此间的相互影响,形成特有的群体消费心理特征。本文从大学生消费的心理需求、社会消费环境对大学生消费心理产生的影响出发,以大学生的消费心理为主题,针对他们的消费特点,提倡大学生消费责任意识的培养。     

与奢侈品惊艳邂逅——BILS2012北京国际顶级私人物品暨奢华旅游展览会后记

<正>沃尔冈·拉茨勒在畅销书《奢侈带来富足》中这样定义奢侈:"奢侈是一种整体或部分地被各自的社会认为是奢华的生活方式,大多由产品或服务决定。"在中国人的概念里,奢侈品几乎等同于贪欲、挥霍、浪费。其实,从经济意义上看,奢侈品实质是一种高档消费行为,本身并无褒贬之分。从社会意义消费上看,是一种个人消费水平和生活品质的提升。     

Urban Planning and Sustainable Development

Following the discourse about sustainable development based on the Brundtland Commission's report and the processes in the UN Committee on Environment and Development, a sustainable urban development would require considerably more ambitious policies than today in order to limit energy consumption, reduce pollution and protect natural areas and arable land. Re-use of urban areas and more effective utilization of building sites is a possible strategy to this end. However, continuous growth in the building stock will make it increasingly difficult to bring urban development in wealthy countries within the frames of what is ecologically sustainable and equitable in a global perspective. Planning for a sustainable urban development must be oriented towards long-term goals and utilize knowledge about the environmental consequences of different solutions, but should not be based solely on means-ends rationality. Rather than aiming at consensus including all stakeholder groups, planning for sustainability should facilitate alliance-building among those population groups who can support the basic equity and environmental values of a sustainable development.     

旅游循环经济的发展理念与运行体系研究

发展旅游循环经济是旅游业中实现经济、社会、环境"三赢"的旅游发展模式。发展旅游循环经济可实现资源的持续利用,提升旅游产业效益,实现旅游可持续发展。发展旅游循环经济应树立系统观、新经济观、新价值观、新生产观和新消费观,构建起发展旅游循环经济的动力系统、支持保障系统、参与层面系统等,促进旅游循环经济的模式系统良性发展,达到旅游循环经济的目标系统。     

发展低碳经济 实现青海可持续发展

低碳经济的特征是低能耗、低污染、低排放,这种经济发展模式在给青海经济社会的发展带来巨大挑战的同时,也带来了前所未有的机遇。以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的低碳经济必将成为实现青海可持续发展的必由之路。     

基于低碳视角的旅游城市转型研究

转型发展已经成为21世纪人类发展史上的一场新长征。随着中国经济转变发展方式的强力推进,中国优秀旅游城市面临着发展方式转型的严峻挑战和重大契机。创建低碳旅游城市是城市宜居生态发展的高级阶段,是实现中国旅游城市转型的战略模式选择。创新城市低碳旅游公共服务导则、营造城市低碳旅游吸引物体系、发展城市低碳旅游设施、培育城市畅爽旅游体验环境、倡导城市低碳旅游消费方式是近期实现旅游城市转型发展需要关注的五个基本层面。为此,要规范发展、互动发展、示范发展,加快形成中国特色的低碳旅游城市发展新格局。     

Consumption,Environmental Sustainability and Human Geography in Australia: a Missing Research Agenda?

‘Consumption’ is a central concept in the global environmental sustainability agenda. However, one important argument from Agenda 21 — that all social actors must now practise ‘sustainable consumption’— has been publicly and politically marginalised in high‐income countries such as Australia. Geographers potentially have a role in bringing consumption back onto the agenda by constructing a critical geography of consumption. Such research can help understand how the contextual use of natural resources is perceived and practised, and how consumption helps to shape contemporary social relations. This body of knowledge is vital for building sustainable development into everyday lives. Yet a focus on urban consumption perceptions and practices appears somewhat lacking in Australian geography. Ways forward can be drawn from international geography, such as in the United Kingdom where a substantial body of work has drawn a complex picture of contemporary consumption and environmental understanding. It has also challenged prevailing ‘ecological modernisation’ policy approaches, which ignore consumption's cultural facets. In sum, considering consumption in Australia can offer insights into cultural practices expressed through consumption; can challenge and add to European geographical literatures, and can also contribute to sustainability debates by offering alternatives to currently ineffective policy discourses.     

A gender analysis of everyday mobility in urban and rural territories: from challenges to sustainability

Gender differences in mobility patterns between women and men have long been acknowledged. This study analyses how these differences are reproduced in different urban and rural contexts. Using mobility data from a large travel survey taken in 2006 in Spain, we examine the differences between gender mobility through age, modal split and trip purposes. Special attention is paid to how territory shapes mobility and how these territorial settings differently affect gendered mobilities. The use of this data source allows the comparison of all trips made by the total population, including all means of transport. By taking a global view on mobility, the uneven relationships that men and women have with different means of transport become more visible. After disaggregating data by age and territorial settings, results show that women are using sustainable transport modes more often than men, and travelling for more diverse reasons. Gender is thus a fundamental variable in understanding modal split and, by extension, transport sustainability, in terms of energy consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases. From this point of view, we consider women's mobility knowledge and practices – typically related to the most sustainable means of transport – as factors with rising value that could effectively guide public policy in its way to promote more sustainable mobility patterns.     

Stretching the Limits: Environmental Compensation, Habitat Creation and Sustainable Development

The rationales for ecological and landscape engineering are becoming absorbed within economistic interpretations of sustainable development grounded in maintaining 'environmental capital'. These interpretations incorporate the possibility of compensating for the adverse impacts of development with environmental benefits of equivalent worth, thus maintaining the 'stock'. Habitat creation is an important form of this 'environmental compensation'. This paper explores the conflicts surrounding environmental compensation as sustainable development is translated into policy and practice in the British planning system. The extent to which environment damage can be meaningfully compensated raises difficult questions of environmental values and technical expertise. Analysis at two levels – national planning policy and the negotiation of compensatory habitat creation for a specific development scheme – indicates that the pursuit of environmental compensation through present planning processes can serve to accommodate development interests. Furthermore, claims about the manageability of environmental impacts help legitimize particular patterns of economic growth.     

基于生态足迹的产业适度人口分析——以南京市为例

本文以生态足迹理论为基础,从维护生态系统稳定,自然资源可持续利用的角度来分析产业的适度人口规模。在分析生态足迹模型基本概念和计算方法的基础上,构建了产业生态足迹和产业生态承载力模型。通过估算第一、二、三产业的生态足迹,分析了2008年南京市三大产业的适度人口。结果表明第一、二产业在经济活动中过度消耗环境资源,现实人口对生态环境资源产生较大的压力。而第三产业的人口盈余为97.81万人,具有较强的可持续发展潜力。结合南京2008年第一、二产业出现人口赤字,第三产业存在人口盈余的具体情况,就减少产业人口赤字提出了技术和政策上的对策。     

Intensification in the city centre: Barriers to implementation in Regina,Saskatchewan

As cities aim for more sustainable patterns of urbanization, intensification has emerged as a core planning strategy. In 2013, the City of Regina set new intensification targets: absorb 30% of annual population growth through intensification and add 10,000 residents to the city centre by 2035. In the decade since, implementation has been unsuccessful. This study explores the barriers to core area intensification in Regina by engaging with key informants through semi-structured interviews. Our findings identify the most significant barriers as soft market demand, a city centre that is unappealing as a residential context, insufficient political will, an absence of developers who specialize in core area intensification, and unfavourable development economics. These findings illustrate the unique challenges faced by mid-size Canadian cites in disrupting entrenched development patterns and driving development towards the downtown.