环境考古能够深度理解“人地关系”

<正>以构建人地和谐关系为宗旨的环境保护和生态文明建设成为当代人类社会的最强音,而"环境考古"也成为其中的积极参与者。中国考古界高度重视"环境考古"工作,许多大学、考古院所及环境科学研究机构参与其中。1990年,周昆叔、巩启明先生等发起召开了"中国环境考古学讨论会",后主编有《环境考古研究》辑刊,著名考古学家苏秉琦先生当时提出:"环境考古之所以被提出,是社会与考古学科发展的需要,在自然与人的关系方面给以科学的     

中国考古文物类期刊的发展与中国考古学的发展

本文分析了近90年来160多种中国考古文物类期刊的创办与发展情况,提出中国考古文物类期刊的发展与中国考古学学科的发展一样,经历了初创与早期发展、全面发展、复苏时期、成熟发展等四个阶段。现在的中国考古文物类期刊的格局,是1979年以来形成的。目前主要刊物的栏目形式有所变化．但研究论文与田野资料并重的办刊方针总体上没有变化。近10年来一些刊物新增加了文化遗产保护、科技考古、公众考古的内容,这应是中国考古学在21世纪发展的三项新的内容。     

苏秉琦先生对河南考古工作的关怀与指导

苏秉琦先生是我国著名的考古学家和考古界的老前辈之一,他在半个多世纪的考古生涯中,对于我国考古事业的开创与发展,尤其是对我国近代考古学方法论的探索、考古学文化谱系的研究、考古报告编写方法完善化的追求以及新中国成立后的四十年来,对于我国考古干部的培养和对各地考古工作的指导等方面,都做出了很大的贡献,因而博得了广大的文物考古工作者的尊敬和爱戴。我是在新中国成立后,从事河南文物考     

文博考古学科类属关系梳理

目前,在教育部学科分类体系和国家标准学科分类标准中,文博考古学科类属关系不统一。文物学始终没有获得科学界正式承认,给高校学科建设造成一定影响;考古学新升为一级学科,意味着"考古学与博物馆学"研究生专业名称面临调整,由此将出现"文化遗产与博物馆学"的二级学科;而将本科专业名称"博物馆学"改为"文物与博物馆学",又将使其与"文化遗产"学科分类不相同步。因此,文博考古学科类属关系需要统一,相关的专业名称与学科名称也应该一致。     

苏秉琦先生与辽宁考古

1997年6月30日,苏秉琦先生因病去世,考古学界无不为之震惊与悲痛! 从此,考古学界失去了一位为建立具有中国特色考古学科理论而孜孜追求直到生命最后一刻的中国考古学派的创立者、学科发展带头人;考古界新老同仁失去了一位良师益友、温厚长者。 由我国学者自己进行的近代考古学自     

考古学与文物保护——在贵州省文物考古研究所召开的学术报告会上的演讲

"文物"所表述的内涵很广,属于物质文化范畴;"考古学"研究的追求是历史与文化,属认识范畴。考古学的研究,是将物质文化转化成精神文化。考古学研究的仅是考古学文化表述的考古学遗存的这类文物,故考古学所涉及的文物,仅是文物的一部分。随着考古学的发展,考古学研究范畴随之日益扩大。考古学所涉及的文物,虽是文物的一部分,但这部分文物却是文物中很重要的一部分文物,正是考古学研究了这部分文物,才使考古学成为了显学。要实现中国考古学的持续发展,则必须以文物保护为支撑。为此,就要将考古工作纳入文物保护体制中来,并必需从理论、认识、管理和实践诸方面趋利避害地做到将考古工作纳入文物保护体制之中。     

迎接中国考古学的新世纪——中国考古学会理事长苏秉琦教授访谈录

苏秉琦,中国考古学的开拓者和奠基者之一,当代中国考古界泰斗。生朴1909年10月4日,河北省高阳县人。1934年北平师范大学历史系毕业。1934年至1949年任北平研究院史学研究所副研究员,他整理编写的《斗鸡台沟东区墓葬》、《瓦鬲的研究》奠定了中国考古类型学的基础。自1949年起至今,任中国科学院(社会科学院)考古研究所研究员,1952年至1982年兼任北京大学历史系教授、考古教研室主任,对中国考古学文化谱系进行了独到的系统研究。并培养了好几代考古学者。1986年被选为中国考古学会理事长。其主要论著汇集为《苏秉琦考古学论述选集》,1984年由文物     

心系辽河,情寄渤海──苏公与辽宁考古

１９９７年６月３０日,苏秉琦先生因病去世,使考古学界失去了一位为建立具有中国特色考古学科理论而孜孜追求直至生命最后一刻的中国考古学派的创立者、学科发展带头人,考古界新老同仁失去了一位良师益友、温厚长者。由我国学者自己进行的近代考古学自本世纪２０年代开...     

《古陶瓷学论丛》征稿启事

《古陶瓷学论丛》是由南京大学文化与自然遗产研究所、江苏省古陶瓷研究会联合主办的古陶瓷学专业学术刊物。她以繁荣学术研究,创新学术知识,服务学术人士,促进学术交流为宗旨,力求将其办成国内外文物考古界及古陶瓷学界共同的学术园地。本刊物立足于陶瓷田野考古,兼及传世陶瓷、陶瓷类非物质文化遗产、陶瓷科技考古、陶瓷古文献以及陶瓷文化、陶瓷美术、陶瓷历史等多个方面,从"古陶瓷学"这一考古学的重要分支学科的学科建设角度开设有关专栏,发表古陶瓷考古报告和论文。     

考古学与其他学科的交叉研究 应从高校考古通识课抓起

<正>已经开始第二个百年历程的中国考古学初步具有中国特色、中国风格、中国气派,且在很多方面已经接近或达到国际先进水平,而考古学与其他学科交叉研究的发展最能反映考古学的中国特色与发展水平。通过梳理考古学与其他学科的关系、高校考古通识课的建设,回顾河南大学考古通识课的讲授,我们对如何在高校开设和讲授考古通识课进行了思考,并试图在发展考古学与其他学科交叉研究的视角下,反思高校考古通识课的设置,并试图探究未来的发展方向。     

The Historical Tradition and Mission of Chinese Archaeology

Chinese President Xi Jinping, gave an important speech describing the great achievements and significance of Chinese archaeology, pointing out the way forward for the development of Chinese archaeology in the new era. By reviewing the century-long history of Chinese archaeology, its historical tradition and the mission of the times are distinctive. Since 1949, under the guidance of archaeological culture theory and regional systems and cultural types theory, Chinese archaeology has made a series of significant achievements and taken up the mission of the times in inheriting historical traditions and exploring major issues including the origins of Chinese civilization. The current development of Chinese archaeology should further the historical tradition of Chinese archaeology under the guidance of the spirit of Xi Jinping’s speech. From a longitudinal perspective, Chinese archaeology should strengthen the research on the origin of Chinese civilization and its characteristics, development trajectory, major landmark achievements, and the way of civilization inheritance after its formation, especially to strengthen the exploration of how the“5,000-year continuous unity” was formed after the unification of the Qin and Han dynasties. From a horizontal perspective, with the Belt and Road Initiative as the main thread, we should continue to strengthen archaeological research on cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, advocate mutual appreciation of civilizations, tell the Chinese story well, and contribute Chinese historical wisdom and experience to the world. On the whole, we should strengthen the theoretical construction and ability training of archaeology, strive to build Chinese archaeology with salient Chinese features, style, and ethos, and realize the historical mission of the new era of the Centennial“Chinese Dream.”     

Re-visiting the field: Collaborative archaeology as paradigm shift

Abstract

The emphasis of the JFA on field methods resonates strongly with current disciplinary interest in multivocality and participatory research. In this new epistemology of inclusiveness, communities play an active role in the production of archaeological knowledge as well as in the conservation of cultural heritage. From the perspective of archaeologists trained in the U.S. who conduct research in Latin America, we historicize changes in the triadic relationship among archaeologists, contemporary communities, and things of the past. This examination focuses on the evolving social context of archaeological practice. The social milieu within which archaeology is conducted is explored further by reference to a recent survey of archaeologists that elicited comments on grand challenges to archaeology. A few examples of the many forms that an engaged archaeology might take are offered from the Maya region. Although collaborative research poses challenges that emerge as communities entangled with archaeological practice become research partners, we suggest that the enhanced relevance that accompanies this transformation is well worth the effort.     

21世纪的中国考古学

中国考古是世界上国别考古中时空最大、体量最宏、内容最为丰富的考古学体系,本世纪中国考古最大的成就就是考古学文化时空体系的建立与完善,以及对传统的中国历史体系的修正和补充。２１世纪,中国考古学不但应当在揭示华夏传统的形成以及人类、农牧和文明国家三大起源问题上有所贡献,更应依赖自身的优势,对考古学以及整个人文科学的理论建设做出贡献。     

Archaeological Ethnography,Heritage Management,and Community Archaeology: A Pragmatic Approach from Crete

This article examines the introduction of archaeological ethnography as an approach to establish positioned research and bring context-specific and reflexive considerations into community archaeology projects. It considers recent critiques of heritage management in archaeology and the role of archaeologists as experts in it, contending that smaller and less prominent sites exist in different contexts and pose different problems than large-scale projects usually addressed in the literature. We describe how the ‘Three Peak Sanctuaries of Central Crete’ project, investigating prehistoric Minoan ritual sites, involves communities and stakeholders and what demands the latter pose on experts in the field. Archaeological work is always already implicated in local development projects which create and reproduce power hierarchies. It is therefore important that archaeologists maintain their critical distance from official heritage discourses, as they are materialized in development programmes, while at the same time engaging with local expectations and power struggles; they also have to critically address and position their own assumptions. We use examples from our community archaeology project to propose that these goals can be reached through archaeological ethnographic fieldwork that should precede any archaeological project to inform its methodological decisions, engage stakeholders, and collaboratively shape heritage management strategies.     

Consuming the Past: Public Perceptions towards the Discipline of Archaeology in Zimbabwe

This paper discusses the public perceptions of archaeology and the information that archaeologists produce in Zimbabwe. There have been accusations that archaeologists in various parts of the world research for themselves. The products of archaeological research are often presented in academic jargon only accessible to those in the profession. Archaeological research in developing countries has been criticized for having limited involvement, if any, with the local communities in which it is conducted, and fails to address development issues that are important and much more relevant to the concerned societies. The paper discusses the extent to which these accusations are justified in Zimbabwe, focusing on the perceptions that local communities have on archaeology, archaeologists, archaeological remains, archaeological research, and institutions dealing with archaeological cultural heritage in that country. It also discusses why it seems difficult to put into practice some of the suggestions that have been made in the past on how to engage with the public. The paper argues that, although there have been efforts to change the situation, southern African archaeology in general and specifically its practice in Zimbabwe remains largely a preserve of the initiated. It concludes by recommending that writing on archaeological issues be accessible and that research issues should have social relevance. Awareness of local communities in research, outreach activities to schools, and the benefits of archaeological resources for local communities, are crucial means by which the value of the discipline can be appreciated by the public.     

Sense and Sensibility in Midwestern Archaeology and the Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology,Part II

Abstract

The progression of archaeology in the midcontinent over the past 40 years has moved on a series of different but overlapping fronts: regional, governmental, institutional, disciplinary, and personal. This collection of thoughts by both longtime and relatively young practitioners of our field suggests the many ways that archaeology has changed for the good—and maybe not so good—depending on our own experiences. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology (MCJA) has changed along with these developments. Part I of this discussion centered on the need for, and foundation of, MCJA. Part II is more diverse, with the archaeologists who have participated in the field for the last 40 years reflecting on the shifts in archaeology within their regions—both in terms of practice and institutional practices. The forces of national economics and academic politics and the changing sensibilities toward our public constituencies described here are themes that continue to influence us today.     

考古学研究方法散论--评塔尔格伦的《史前考古学方法》

从上个世纪30年代起,欧美不断有考古学家著文对长期停留于文化史研究的考古学及其类型方法提出强烈的批评,塔尔格伦教授的<史前考古学方法>就是其中较具代表性的一篇.我国的考古类型学也经历了类似的发展历程.虽然已有不少学者对类型方法进行过探讨,但其中仍存在一些不足之处分型分式的标准不严、实践滞后于理论和研究方法过于单一等.我们应该建立一个客观的研究方法和理论体系以促进中国考古学的进一步发展.     

Liangzhu and Centennial Archaeology: The Underestimated Neolithic Age in China

The discovery in Yangshao, Mianchi, Henan in 1921 marked the beginning of modern Chinese archaeology. Nowadays, Chinese archaeology has gone through a full 100 years. Through the hard work of generations of archaeologists, Chinese archaeology has achieved sustained growth and development. Chinese archaeology has been advancing for a century and has made great contributions to the construction of Chinese history and culture. Archaeology has important practical significance in contemporary times. Archaeological exploration is not limited to discovering the past, but also lies in the thoughts of gazing at history in the current context. Chinese archaeology in the new era is committed to integrating the spirit of this discipline into cultural construction and social life, so as to learn the new by reviewing the past. After more than 80 years of archaeological exploration, many large tombs of the Liangzhu culture were discovered one after another, mainly including burial of jade, from the 1970s to the end of the 1980s. The ritual jade artifacts such as cong (a long hollow piece of jade with rectangular sides) and bi (jade disk), as well as the differences in the levels of tombs, all reflect the high development of Liangzhu society. The ancient city of Liangzhu was discovered in 2007, and the water conservancy system was confirmed in 2015, pushing the Liangzhu culture to the height of national civilization. In 2019, the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City was listed as a World Heritage site.     

The Ilisu Dam: WAC protests to the British government

This paper focuses on two trends in the debate over the scope and nature of public archaeology. The first is a growing concern to define and codify its disciplinary boundaries. The second trend, arguably in tension with the first, is the ever-widening exploration of how people engage with their past, and the ramifications for the way archaeology, in its widest sense, is practised. It is argued that an excessive preoccupation with demarcating the disciplinary boundaries of public archaeology may risk obscuring a far more important objective, tied to the second trend referred to above. Debates on the relationship between the public, the past, and archaeological practice have resulted in a sea-change in attitudes to the responsibilities of the archaeologist, in the relationship between scientific knowledge and popular and indigenous knowledge, and in ideas about the relevance and usability of the past. Public archaeology is concerned with all these issues. It is argued that, to fulfil this wider vision, public archaeology cannot afford the strictures of a specialized discipline within archaeology, but must remain a persistent, essential, and foundational ingredient in the competencies and sensibilities of every archaeologist and co-worker in the field.     

西方考古学文化概念的演变

文化概念在西方考古学一个多世纪的发展历史,经历了一个从无副有．再到被扬弃的变化过程。在当代西方考古学中,“文化”已经不再是一个很重要的词汇。“风格”（style）,“认同”（identity）。“族群”（ethnicity）等概念成为西方考古学者分析考古材料区域特征的主要术语。这些术语被用来探讨物质文化所反映的区域差异和社会界限。与欧美考古学相比,中国考古学界虽然有关于文化因素分析的探讨,对文化概念本身基本上没有太多的争论,并完全错过了西方考古学过去三十年来有关风格的大讨论。西方考古学界对文化概念的扬弃过程值得中国考古界深思。