西方“学者传统”的科学观述评

西方科学发展史上学者传统的科学观把对知识和真理的追求视为科学的目标和动力,认为科学是与经济利益无关的一种纯学术活动。这种科学观一方面激发了科学家投身科学、献身真理的勇气,倡导了一种纯洁的学术风气;另一方面,它又忽视了科学与社会生产之间的联系,对科学本身的发展和人类文化的丰富性、多样化是不利的。     

宋代政府的香料消费

宋代政府的香料消费主要体现为朝廷和地方州县在办公、祭祀、节庆、恩赏、政治礼仪等诸多政务活动中大量使用香料,并具有使用范围广数量大、带有整体性与规范性、行政性消费和民生性消费并存等特点.海上丝绸之路大量香料的输入、长期积淀的香料知识和祭祀用香文化、繁多的国家祭祀活动、庞大的行政机构和官吏队伍等诸多因素促进了政府香料消费的兴盛.宋代政府的香料消费既有利于政务活动的正常运转,带动和促进了民间社会的香料消费,亦推动了海上丝绸之路香料贸易的发展.     

民国时期留美西洋史学者与美国的西洋史学术传统——以博士论文为中心的考察

民国时期留美西洋史学者是中国的留美生中一个非常特殊的群体,国内史学界对他们的留学生涯,特别是博士论文关注较少。这批学者在博士论文的选题上颇具特色,具有强烈的现实关怀、关注国内重大的史学争论、主要侧重欧洲国家的历史。几篇博士论文运用了大量的一手史料,在研究视角上也很有新意,所以得到了导师和美国史学界的认可。几位学者在回国后形成了自己独特的治学风格,并通过授课和学术组织工作,为中国的世界史学科奠定了坚实的基础。     

The Idealist Tradition in Australian Religious Thought

Although British idealism has recently undergone a minor scholarly revival, its impact on Australian intellectual life remains an underexplored area of inquiry. Such work as there is on the Australian idealists has largely focused on social and political themes despite the fact that idealism was driven by deeply religious interests. This paper explores the religious writings of five Australian intellectuals whose work was shaped by the tradition of philosophical idealism. The writers chosen include two Scottish émigrés — Charles Strong (1844–1942) and Francis Anderson (1858–1941) — and three Australian born students of Anderson — M. Scott Fletcher (1868–1947), E.H. Burgmann (1885–1965), and A.P. Elkin (1891–1979). By identifying the threads that connect these writers, along with some of their British contemporaries, the case is made that they can be understood as giving voice to a coherent, if rather loosely bound, intellectual tradition. Among much else, this tradition sought a reconciliation of religious and secular knowledge, proposed an evolutionary or developmental understanding of religious truth, and defended the idea of human personality in an increasingly scientific and mechanistic civilisation.     

The Tale of Aladdin in Georgian Oral Tradition

The tale of Aladdin is an example of the adaptation of Middle Eastern fairy tales in Europe and then of the spread of European literary tales into world culture. This article gives an account of the Georgian folk versions of ‘Aladdin’. An overview of archival material and publications outlines the characteristics and transformations of tale type ATU 561 in Georgian folklore. The article also traces the literary path that directed Aladdin to Georgia and compares Georgian translations of the tale with its folkloric variants, including the neighbouring type ATU 560.     

“石匠村”的意义——窦村的石工传统与南京传统建筑地方性的关系

当前保护古都风貌成为南京城市发展的重要工作,这主要是指保护和利用各个历史时期遗留下来的建筑遗产。而我们在传统建筑遗产保护工作中往往只重视对建筑物本身的保护,采取的方法也只局限在测绘、图纸分析、按图纸施工等层面,却忽视了其最初建造过程中传统工艺的保护。针对传统建造工艺与建筑地方性的关系的问题,对南京郊区的被称为“石匠村”的窦村所特有的石工传统与南京传统建筑地方性的关系进行的讨论。     

大传统与小传统——白蛇故事的三期型变

民间故事流传主要是口耳相传,由于记忆的局限性,如果不求助于文字文献就很难发现其变化的历史线索。然而在传统社会文字却主要掌握在官方系统,搜集整理民间故事的专业人士被称为稗官,西汉班固《汉书·艺文志》,“小说家者流,盖出于稗官。街谈巷语,道听途说者之所造也”。余嘉锡的《小说家出于稗官说》里认为,稗官是士人,“士传民语”,下情上达,沟通之用。     

布什"单边主义"的文化传统

布什的单边主义深深地植根于美国文化传统之中,它根源于美国的个人主义传统,发展于美国的"天赋使命"的观念,强化于美国的"清教传统和白人优越论"的观念,成就于美国的"善恶二元论"。单边主义是美国历代统治者孜孜以求的目标之一,也是美国历史文化中最深厚的积淀之一。从这个意义上说,无论谁成为美国的总统,在美国霸权衰落以前,单边主义都将是美国外交最明显的风格。     

The Kulbulak Bladelet Tradition in The Upper Paleolithic of Central Asia

The article describes lithic industries of the Upper Paleolithic levels of Kulbulak, Uzbekistan, a key site in southwestern Central Asia based on materials from excavations at several sites in the western and northwestern Pamir– Tien Shan region (Kulbulak, Kyzyl-Alma-2, Dodekatym-2, and Shugnou). A new cultural and technological tradition is introduced, for which the authors suggest the name Kulbulakian. Its distinctive features are the bladelet technique and a microlithic set including backed pieces and triangular microliths. Stages in the evolution of the Kulbulakian tradition are reconstructed: origins, development, peak, and disappearance of the carinated technology. Industries belonging to this tradition have shaped the general appearance of the Upper Paleolithic in the area in question.     

方志文化传统的当代定位

方志文化需要明确自身的历史定位和当代定位,以确立创新与发展的方向。当代社会对以地方志为代表的文化信息的巨大需求,通过相应的政治运行体制,特别是地方志的官修体制体现出来,从而决定了地方志是社会主流价值体系和知识体系的重要载体。地方志堪称文化事业中具有最深厚渊源的基因,在信息化时代,它仍然是最权威的官方史料文献之一,是最有保存价值的权威史料。这是新编地方志在当代的文化价值定位,也是地方志在信息爆炸式扩张的时代得以存续的理由。应主动适应时代变化和要求,对地方志的功能定位和工作机制做出新的理解。摆脱地方志困境的唯一出路是着力于功能创新、内涵创新、机制创新和学科建设,实现转型升级,使地方志真正发挥其社会主流价值文化载体的功能。     

The South-China-Sea Tradition: the Hybrid Hulls of South-East Asia

The South-China-Sea Tradition is a hybrid vessel-type combining structural features of Chinese and South-East Asian origin. It only occurs from the late-14th to the late-16th centuries and mirrors the production period of Thai export ceramics. This article examines 16 South-China-Sea-Tradition wrecks with a view to determining a well-defined list of characteristics, the origin of those characteristics, and the most likely builders.
© 2006 The Author     

《贝奥武甫》的英雄观与英国文化传统

从文化的发展和起源入手来探析一个国家、一个民族和一个文明发展的轨迹和脉络,才能真正从学理和实践层面对当下有着实际的启示作用.本文通过对英雄史诗《贝奥武甫》的英雄观这一角度来探讨英国早期文化精神的起源与发展.一个异教的民族英雄变成了一个虔诚的基督教护教者的形象,但又保留了日耳曼民族的独特性格特征,这本身就能说明到了8世纪至10世纪,英国文化已经形成了一种新的形态,不同于日耳曼民族传统文化,也不同于欧洲大陆的基督教文化,这种新的文化形态传统直接影响着英国历史的走向.     

中国的通史传统与世界史编纂

中国的通史传统是指在长期、丰富的通史编纂实践中,中国历史学家逐渐形成的以通古今之变为核心的历史认识理论和通史编纂思想。通史传统是中国历史编纂学重要的理论资产之一。在世界史研究和编纂过程中,应当通过对通史传统的深入挖掘和不断发扬,赋予当代中国世界史研究理论体系鲜明的民族特色,并进一步推进马克思主义理论、中国史学优秀传统和当代中国世界史研究的融会贯通。