The Impact of European Structural Funds in the South of Spain

Over the last decades, the European Union has contributed to the development of poor regions of the Associate Members. This is the case of Andalusia, an Objective 1 region for the European regional policy in the south of Spain. In this paper we carry out an impact analysis of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), one of the most important Structural Funds, to the object of assessing its effect on aggregate and sectoral production, price indexes and consumers’ welfare. To this extend we compute an Applied General Equilibrium Model (AGEM) and we present a counterfactual analysis with simulations for three representative years: 1990, 1995 and 1999. We conclude that regional funding has deeply contributed to Andalusian regional development and the effectiveness of the funds seems to be larger for the last years of the study.     

The Dynamics of Environmental Issues in Australia: Concerns,Clusters and Carriers

Recent survey (AES and ISSP) data and public opinion polls show an interesting dynamic at work in public opinion on environmental issues in Australia. Environmental concerns lose urgency, detach themselves from environmental groups, their established issue-carriers, and further bifurcate into distinct 'green' and 'brown' issue clusters. These shifts in patterns of concern accompany changes in forms of public expression and in the diffusion of concerns. However, public concerns about the environment in Australia do not simply wane, but become 'routinised', that is, increasingly differentiated, independent of green groups, and linked with conventional institutional issue carriers.     

试论博物馆展示设计中的形式渗透

“形式渗透”是指在展示形式设计中通过几种或多种、同类或异类形式间的相互吸收、相互影响、相互融合,而形成总体形式的独有的特质。而本文主要介绍了在博物馆展示设计艺术中的“形式渗透”。     

Integrated Design of Conservation of the Archaeological Heritage

Abstract

This article aims to establish a connection between (a) the identification of heritage and measures for its protection, and (b) the collection and dissemination of scientific information, as set out in the Treaty of Valletta. This is illustrated through research conducted at the Asklepieion of Kos, which led to an anastylosis project on the Roman temple, within a wider project to re-organize the entire area of the sanctuary. The paper highlights the development of the project, including traditional methods of direct survey (manual and digital), a database of the three-dimension models of the single architectural elements of the temple, and a CAD/CAM model of the reconstruction project.     

The Effect of Business Support on Employment in Manufacturing: Evidence from the European Union Structural Funds in Germany,Italy and Spain

This study investigates employment growth in the business activities supported by the European Cohesion Policy. We examine cross-industry, cross-regional variations in a sample of fourteen manufacturing industries and seventy European regions (in Germany, Italy and Spain) and take advantage of detailed European Union Structural Funds data at the regional level for the period 2000–2006. We show that business support is positively associated with higher employment growth in industries that are initially smaller and in those with higher growth opportunities. The results suggest that direct support to businesses by the European Cohesion Policy contributes to the growth process of employment in different industries. Because previous estimated effects at the aggregate level may in fact conceal large differences across industries, we conclude that our empirical analysis contributes to the understanding of how Structural Funds can affect industrial and regional development as well as adjustment paths.     

略论我国当代城市街具设计

由于功能和空间性质不同,城市街道给环境带来不同的视觉感受,因此,街具设计成为当代城市景观设计中一个重要组成部分,是街道空间和景观组织中不可缺少的元素。如何根据不同的街道空间性质设计与布置街具,表达空间意向,改善街道形态,使街具的设计符合其使用功能及构景规律,最终营造具有特色的街道人文景观,是现代城市景观设计研究中的一项重要课题。     

郑振铎从事古代小说研究的原因分析

郑振铎是研究中国古代小说的著名学者。他从事中国古代小说研究有很多原因,本文着重从四个方面加以论述：梁启超倡导的小说界革命使小说成为主流文学;整理国故运动使小说进入了学术领域;而鲁迅的直接学术指导使他的研究步入正轨;再加上他本人的兴趣和工作的需要。     

English Regionalization and Sustainability: Towards the Development of an Integrated Approach to Strategic Environmental Assessment

Central to this article is the suggestion that modern planning and development frameworks in England are currently at a potentially productive, although problematic turning point. Whilst on the one hand the UK is attempting to make the legislative and institutional changes necessary to facilitate the process of regionalization and devolution, it is at the same time facing the challenge of ensuring the necessary levels of inter-agency cohesion and integration required for the delivery of the meta-objectives at the heart of sustainable development. Of particular concern for the English regions is the increasing complexity of organizational relations, the fragmentary nature of provisions, the potential mismatch between the need to preserve environmental welfare and at the same time ensure regional economic competitiveness, and more fundamentally, the failure to provide an appropriate mechanism for the evaluation of sustainable development goals. In the light of these challenges, the authors highlight the value of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as a mechanism for improving the environmental quality of decision-making and make recommendations as to how the regional level of decision-making can provide an effective platform for the development of an SEA system which is capable of reconciling the sustainability conflicts derived from different tiers of decision-making. Within this discussion, suggestions are made as to the manner in which current ideas for introducing sustainability appraisal for Regional Planning Guidance should be amended.     

Contingent Coalitions in Environmental Policymaking: How Civil Society Organizations Influenced the Chilean Renewable Energy Boom

This article analyzes the role of social movements and environmental organizations in crafting contingent coalitions to advance renewable energies in Chile. Until recently, Chile presented several conditions predicting the continuation of an arm’s-length energy policy and a deregulated energy market heavily concentrated on environmentally and socially unfriendly sources. However, gradual but transformative policy change in the last decade has made the country a world leader in renewable energy development. Studying two key moments in energy policy reform, we argue that the contingency of the coalitions that social movements and environmental organizations forged was crucial to the advancement of renewable energy policy and the transformation of the energy sector in the country. The paper advances our understanding of policy change in contexts of high path dependency and status quo bias, and builds the concept of “contingent coalitions,” unifying similar but scattered and under-theorized notions that capture the fluid dynamics of coalition formation and policy change in environmental policymaking.     

试析欧盟共同农业政策的改革

欧盟共同农业政策(GAP)的历史几乎就是一部改革史。改革的尝试从1968年就开始了,那时共同农业政策刚刚实施。这本身就说明政策有其先天不足,而在改革的过程中其进展之缓慢,改革计划之多也颇令人关注,以致于有人戏言,共同农业政策有两种类型的过剩：一种是产品的过剩,另一种是改革计划的过剩。出现这种现象的原因是什么呢?本试图在此方面做一些探讨,除了考察共同农业政策历史上的各种改革计划,还将着重分析改革中的政治因素,即改革的内部和外部压力,左右改革进程的各种力量,尤其是各成员国对待每项改革的态度及其原因,以及各成员国对改革进程的影响,等等。     

陶器化学组成分析在新石器时代考古研究中的意义

在新石器时代,陶器一直是原始手工业生产的主要对象,一直是原始生活的主要器皿,因此对史前社会原始制陶器工艺技术的研究就显得尤其重要了.陶器化学组成分析就是其中的一项重要内容.通过它,可以研究原始社会制陶生产技术的发展历程,揭示和发现古代制陶工艺发展过程中的某些规律,丰富对考古学文化内涵的认识,为重构原始社会生活框架提供了科学的研究依据.     

对青海省城市老年人人居环境状况的分析

本课题以老年社会学理论与方法为借鉴,对青海省城市老年人状况及其人居环境进行了抽样调查,并在此基础上进行了分析和基本评价。课题研究认为：青海省人口老龄化趋势已经明显加快,呈现出与青海省经济社会发展不相协调的“未富先老”的典型特征。以家庭养老为核心,以社区为老服务为重点的“居家养老”方式,是青海省城市今后相当长时期内的主要养老模式。为此,根据建立健康老龄化社会的要求和青海省的实际,本提出了四条建议。     

关于青海省拓宽融资渠道问题研究(上)

市场经济条件下,资金不仅是重要的生产要素,还是其他要素的吸引器,可以说,它是落后地区经济启动的原动力。在西部大开发中,青海省融资渠道的拓宽,是直接关系到能否抓住新的机遇,繁荣本地经济、提高人民生活水平,经济发展赶上发达地区、及增加对国民经济发展的贡献率的重大问题。     

Policy Design and the Acceptability of Environmental Risks: Nuclear Waste Disposal in Canada and the United States

This article examines the controversial process of developing high-level nuclear waste disposal policy in Canada, with some comparison to experience in the United States. It argues that a policy design perspective can assist in understanding the difficult social and political issues associated with waste disposal and the environmental and health risks that it poses. I examine several critical questions related to such an endeavor and link them to long-term goals of building a sustainable society. Success in formulating and implementing a nuclear waste policy in Canada will depend on the nation's capacity to create requisite processes of public participation. Particularly important are those actions that can help the public understand and assess environmental risks, including related ethical and social issues, and build public trust and confidence in the siting processes and the implementing agencies.     

Technological Innovation in China's High-Tech Sector: Insights from a 2008 Survey of the Integrated Circuit Design Industry in Shanghai

An intensive investigation of China's high-tech sector led by a noted Hong Kong—based geographer examines the patterns of cooperation between firms and local governments (so-called "state-firm strategic resonance") as an alternative to knowledge spillover in an effort to explain why certain firms are more likely to innovate than others within an economic cluster. As a case study, they select the integrated circuit design industry (a key in the development of more efficient computing and thus a critical element of the digital revolution) in Shanghai, one of the most advanced metropolitan regions in China. A systematic analysis of firm-level data obtained inter alia from the authors' 2008 survey and interviews revealed a significant pattern of variation in innovation that could not be explained by inter-firm interactions in the process of industrial clustering. The authors argue that the uneven pattern of technological innovation is contingent on a state-built institutional and market environment designed to stimulate firms' innovative activities, and demonstrate how firms respond to that environment in a Chinese metropolis. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H700, L630, O310, P230, R280. 5 figures, 7 tables, 57 references.     

Blank Concerns: Issues of Skill and Consistency in the Replication of Scottish Later Mesolithic Blades

Skill is central to the identification of the individual within lithic analysis. Modern replication tends to focus on the proficient flintknapper, and emphasises complex, technically demanding implements and high quality raw materials. Yet, acquiring lithic skill is a universal process that manifests itself in various ways depending on technological strategy and raw material. This paper presents the results of a programme of experimental replication that explores notions of consistency and identity. Based on Mesolithic blade technology, using direct percussion reduction and variable pebble resources, it compares knappers with different experience and identifies some salient parameters of individual performance.     

Determinants of the Uneven Regional Participation of Firms in European Technology Programmes. The 'Low R&D Trap'

Technology is of key importance to the growth of regional firms and economies. Research has shown the association between low technology development or take-up and regional disparities. Hence technology policy is moving closer to the heart of regional policies. European innovation programmes are intended to involve firms, large and small, in international technology research and development networks. The paper focuses on the involvement of Spanish firms in such programmes. Participation tends to be low if business R&D, presence of large firms, and the development of regional innovation systems are also low. Creation of R&D infrastructure through the Structural Funds has now to be prioritized at EU level and also define a new scheme of sectoral priorities in order to support R&D innovation activities in fields diverse from high-tech, if regions are to escape the 'low R&D trap'.     

Regulating sex work in the EU: prostitute women and the new spaces of exclusion

Contemporary prostitution policy within the European Union has coalesced around the view that female prostitution is rarely voluntary, and often a consequence of sex trafficking. Responding, different nation-states have, however, adopted antithetical legal positions based on prohibition (Sweden), abolition (UK) or legalisation (Netherlands). Despite the apparently sharp differences between these positions, in this article we argue that there is now a shared preoccupation with repressing spaces of street prostitution. Noting the forms of exploitation that nonetheless adhere to many spaces of off-street work, we conclude that the state and law may intervene in sex work markets with the intention of tackling gendered injustice, but are perpetuating geographies of exception and abandonment.     

浅论汪伪时期在日中国留学生的经费来源

1940年3月汪伪政权成立后,为了推行奴化教育向日本派遣了一些留日学生,沦陷区也有部分学生自费留学日本,那么他们的留学经费从何而来,本文在梳爬史料的基础上,就当时留日学生的经费来源四个方面,进行了描述,以图再现一段历史的真实。