当阳赵巷春秋楚墓璧形包金饰片的保护与研究

湖北当阳赵巷M12墓中出土了金属饰片459件,其中部分饰片表面附有满工錾刻的金箔或锡箔,纹饰繁缛精细,线条流畅,极具楚地艺术风格,其中以青铜包金饰片最为精美。因发掘后未经保护处理并长期堆放在库房内,致使金箔多数受压卷曲,纹饰细节均被泥土和锈蚀产物覆盖,散落金箔无法拼合整理,其装饰位置亦无法确定。为制定符合其特殊情况的修复方案,以该墓葬中出土的璧形包金青铜饰片为研究对象,首先采用显微分析、X荧光光谱分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜-能谱、离子色谱等分析手段,对其青铜基体、金箔、锈蚀产物及其埋藏环境进行了科学分析,并以此为基础完成了锈蚀清洗、金箔比对、金箔回贴等相关工作,创新性地提出金箔比对与回贴中的相关原则,并可为同类文物的保护修复提供一套完整可借鉴的保护方案。此外,还整理了先秦时期璧形包金金属饰片的出土情况,并推断其应为漆木盾上的饰件。

Research on the conservation of Bi-shaped gold-wrapped bronze ornaments from a Chu tomb of the Spring and Autumn period at Zhaoxiang of Dangyang

Excavation of Tomb M12 at Zhaoxiang, Dangyang, Hubei Province, yielded 459 pieces of ornaments, some of which were covered with gold or tin foil carved with decorative patterns. The decorations were elaborate and fine, featuring smooth lines and the artistic style of Chu. Since excavation, those ornaments have not been subjected to any conservation or restoration, so the fine patterned gold foils were scattered, curled and dirty, and covered with dust and corrosion products. As a result, the function of those metal ornaments was not clear. In our study, we took Bi-shaped gold-wrapped bronze ornaments excavated from the tomb as objects of research. First, we analyzed the bronze body, gold foil and corrosion products of the objects by microscopic analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and ion chromatography (IC). Then we cleaned off the corrosion products and matched and posted the gold foil. In addition, we rearranged excavation situations of metal ornaments with the same shape as our samples of the pre-Qin period in China, and made a preliminary research on its use scenes.