山西翼城考古发掘现场遗址表面腐蚀真菌的群落组成分析

考古发掘现场腐蚀微生物的鉴定与防治一直是考古学家和文物保护工作者面临的难点问题。截至目前,国内外对于文物出土现场微生物腐蚀信息和资料获取的研究还十分有限。本研究以山西翼城大河口西周墓地为例,探讨了考古发掘现场遗址表面腐蚀真菌的快速检测技术与可能的防治对策；通过现场直接镜检结合后期分子生物学检测技术,确定造成大河口西周墓地土遗址大量污染真菌的群落组成。研究发现,造成山西大河口墓地出土现场腐蚀的优势真菌类群主要隶属于假散囊菌属(Pseudeurotium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和小不整球壳属(Plectosphaerella),它们分别占据了整个出土现场腐蚀真菌克隆文库中的23%、21%、和18%。竖直墓道发掘坑道内较高的温度和相对湿度以及较低的空气交换速率是造成发掘现场微生物大面积污染的主要环境因子。该研究为快速获取出土文物腐蚀微生物的群落信息提供了技术支撑,为后期腐蚀微生物的防治提供了理论依据。

Composition of fungi community at an archaeological excavation site inYicheng, Shanxi

Identification and prevention of bio-deterioration by microorganisms in archaeological site is a big challenge for most archaeologists and conservators.Until recently,information about microbial bio-deterioration and bio-degradation at in-site archaeological and cultural relics excavation site has been quite limited.A cemetery of Xizhou dynasty in Dahekou,Yicheng,Shanxi province was used as an example,to explore techniques for rapidly detecting and possibly preventing microbial bio-deterioration in archaeological sites.After microscope examination at the locale followed by molecular biological identification in the laboratory,the dominant members of the fungal community that pollute the soil at the archaeological excavation site were identified.Most of the fungal belonged to the genera Pseudeurotium,Alternaria,and Plectosphaerella,their clones occuping about 23%、21% and 18%,respectively,of the entire clone library.The high temperature,relative high humidity,and the low atmosphere exchange rate in the vertical tomb are the main environmental factors causing the massive microbial pollution in the site.This study provides practical information regarding the collection of degrading microorganisms at archaeological excavation sites,and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of such microbial prevention in the future.