山东新泰出土东周青铜复合剑制作技术研究

为探讨东周青铜复合剑的制作技术,采用X光探伤、CT、XRF、金相分析等方法,对出土于山东新泰周家庄战国早期齐国墓的2把青铜复合剑进行了内部结构、制作工艺、合金技术、金相组织等方面的研究.结果表明:2把青铜复合剑均采用低锡合金和高锡合金两种材料复合而成.在检测分析的基础上,讨论了新泰出土的2把青铜复合剑与吴越特色青铜复合剑制作技术上的差异:在结构上,低锡区设置在剑脊的两侧,其截面结构呈现多种形式,与高锡区铸接,浑然一体；在成分上,低锡区含锡量仅为4％,具有锡青铜最佳的延伸率.结合青铜复合剑剑柄的特色,认为虽然新泰出土复合剑的内部结构与已研究的吴越特色青铜复合剑有明显差异,但制作理念应是一脉相承的.

Studies on the manufacturing techniques of bimetallic bronze swords in the Eastern Zhou period excavated from Xintai, Shandong

In order to study the techniques used in the Eastern Zhou period for manufacturing bimetallic bronze swords, Xray diffraction, CT, XRF and metallographic analysis were used to study the inner structures, manufacturing techniques, alloy techniques and metallographic structures of two bimetallic bronze swords excavated from Qi State in the early Warring States period in Zhoujia Village, Xintai, Shandong. The result showed that both of the bimetallic bronze swords were made with two kinds of alloys, a lowtin alloy and a hightin alloy. Based on this analysis, the differences in manufacturing techniques between these two bimetallic bronze swords excavated from Xintai and characteristic bimetallic bronze swords from the Wu State and the Yue State are discussed. Structurally, the lowtin areas were on the two sides of the sword ridge, where they were mixed well with the hightin areas; various patterns appear on the cross-sections. In terms of composition, the tin content of the lowtin areas was only 4%, which gave the best elongation for tin bronze. In regard to the characteristic handle of bimetallic bronze swords, although the inner structures of bimetallic bronze swords excavated from Xintai were different from the characteristic swords from the Wu State and the Yue State, the principles of their manufacture were similar.