游客量对炳灵寺第128窟微环境影响初步研究

通过对炳灵寺石窟第128窟连续一年的微环境监测数据分析,结合游客参观统计,探究了游客量对炳灵寺第128窟微环境的影响;其中CO₂浓度与游客量呈正相关,窟内外温差越大,其衰减越快。洞窟温度升高与游客量呈一定程度正相关,温度增量主要为正值,负值与气象条件相关,温度的衰减与温度增量及窟内外温差正相关。窟内相对湿度变化较为复杂,监测期间游客参观对相对湿度影响在-5%~10%范围内,以降低窟内相对湿度为主。研究结果表明,目前的开放模式有助于CO₂浓度衰减,可适当扩大每批次参观人数至10人左右,以应对大客流状况;注重旅游旺季特别是5月、9月下旬至10月中旬时间段洞窟内相对湿度变化的监测,做好游客管理和洞窟相对湿度控制应对措施。本研究对于炳灵寺石窟第128窟及其他相似洞窟的旅游开放管理具有一定指导意义。

Preliminary research on the influence of tourist volume on the microenvironment of Cave 128 of Bingling Temple Grottoes

Based on the analysis of microenvironment monitoring data of Cave 128 of Bingling Temple Grottoes, and the statistics of visitors in 2019, we investigated the influence of tourist volume on the microenvironment of Cave 128. The results show that the CO₂ concentration of Cave 128 was positively correlated with the tourist volume, and its rate of reduction was positively correlated with the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cave. The cave temperature was positively correlated with the tourist volume to a certain extent. The temperature increment was mainly positive, and the negative values were related to the meteorological conditions outside. The temperature reduction was positively correlated with the temperature increment and temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cave. Changes of relative humidity of Cave 128 were more complicated. By this analysis, the influence of tourist volume on relative humidity was in the range of -5%~10%, mostly causing the reduction. According to the results, the current opening mode is conducive to the diffusion and reduction of CO₂, so the number of visitors per batch could be appropriately expanded to 10, in order to cope with situations where there are large numbers of visitors. It is vital to monitor the relative humidity changes during peak tourist seasons, especially in May, and from late September to middle October, and also to improve the management of tourists and control of the cave relative humidity. This research has certain guiding significance for the tourism opening management of Cave 128 and other similar caves of Bingling Temple Grottoes.