生物技术在文物保护修复中的应用研究进展

在自然因素和人类活动作用下,古代壁画和石雕石刻等珍贵文化遗产普遍存在酥碱粉化、盐霜结壳、风化脱落、烟熏污染等类型病害,研发相应的保护修复材料和技术长期以来都是文物保护领域关注的焦点。近年来,生物纳米材料和生物技术因其绿色环保、兼容适用、效果良好等优势正逐渐成为常规物理措施和化学材料的补充或替代方法。本研究系统总结和梳理了功能微生物、生物酶、代谢产物及创新性生物技术在国内外文物保护修复中的发展脉络和应用现状,重点对生物清洗技术和生物加固技术的最新研究进展和存在的问题进行了综述。旨在为科研工作者开展基于生物技术的文物保护修复创新性研究提供参考和借鉴。

Advancement of biotechnology for the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage objects

Due to natural factors and human activities, ancient murals, stone carvings and other precious cultural heritages tend to suffer from widespread diseases such as disruption, salt efflorescence crusting, powdering, weathering, sootiness and pollution. The research and development of corresponding conservation and restoration materials and technology has long been a focus in the field of cultural relic protection. In recent years, bio-nano materials and biotechnology have become supplemental or alternative measures to conventional physical and chemical counterparts due to their superiority with regard to environmental friendliness, compatibility and applicability, and better conservation effects. This study systematically summarizes and sorts out the development context and state of application of functional microorganisms, biological enzymes, metabolites and innovative biotechnology with regard to the conservation and restoration of cultural heritages. These studies focus mainly on the latest research progress, as well as challenges of biological cleaning and reinforcement technology. They provide reference for scientific researchers to carry out innovative research on the conservation and restoration of cultural relics based on biotechnology.