山东青州和沂源地区出土彩绘陶器的测试分析

彩绘陶器以其绚丽多彩的彩色装饰为主要特征,对它们的相关研究将不断丰富古代制陶工艺及颜料加工技术的认识。为此,本研究利用EDXRF、XRD、SEM、热膨胀分析等技术手段对山东青州香山汉墓和沂源战国墓葬出土彩绘陶器的组成结构及烧制温度进行了深入分析,首次发现了先以滑石粉打底其上再绘朱砂的彩绘陶品种。沂源战国墓葬中出土了表面用锡层作装饰的陶器,这是在我国北方地区的墓葬中首次发现这种"锡涂陶"。青州香山汉墓出土的陶俑和器物的胎料组成相近,而烧成温度存在明显差异,陶俑的烧成温度要高于器物。这些结果可为研究彩绘陶器的工艺发展提供新资料。

Analysis of painted potteries unearthed from the Qingzhou and Yiyuan districts in Shandong province

Painted potteries are characterized mainly by colorful decorations on their surfaces. The continuous studies on the painted pottery will gain knowledge about the making craft of pottery and the pigments. In this study, the compositions, structures and firing temperatures of painted pottery samples from a Xiang Mountain Han tomb and a Warring States Period tomb in Yiyuan county of Shandong province were analyzed by dispersive XRay fluorescence analysis, Xray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal expansion analysis methods. For the first time, powdered talc was found as the understratum on cinnabar painted pottery. In the Yiyuan County Warring States Period tomb, pottery coated with a tin layer was also found for the first time in the northern China. Although the body materials of figurines and wares from Xiang Mountain Han tomb were similar, their firing temperatures were obviously different because the temperatures for the figurines were higher than those of the wares. These results could provide new information regarding the development of technology for painted potteries.