新冠肺炎疫情背景下关于博物馆使用消毒剂的思考

针对博物馆空间相对封闭、人流聚集、人与文物共存等特点,消毒剂的使用既要关注人(工作人员和观众)也要顾及物(文物或艺术品)。对人及其相关,《消毒剂使用指南》就适用范围、注意事项,已有充分说明。本研究只针对文物:立足文物科技保护角度的文物材质分类法;根据有效成分分类的消毒剂种类及其有损文物的显著化学特性;消毒剂对文物损害的机理及其后果三个方面与同行交流。在疫情防控的特殊阶段,为了保护文物安全,博物馆同行必须对各类消毒剂特性有全面了解,合理规范使用消毒剂,防止不当使用对文物造成损害,这也是文物预防性保护工作的重要方面。

Thinking on the use of disinfectants in museums on the background of COVID-19 epidemic

Due to the characteristics of relatively enclosed museum space, the presence of crowds, the coexistence of people and cultural relics, etc., both people (staff and visitors) and objects (culture relics or artworks) should be considered when disinfectants are used. In terms of measures for people, the document, Guidelines for the Use of Disinfectants, has adequately explained the scope of precautions to be taken when using disinfectants. The discussion in this paper focuses only on three aspects of measures to be taken for culture relics:1) classification of cultural relic materials from the perspective of their scientific and technological conservation; 2) classification of disinfectants according to active ingredients, and significant chemical characteristics of disinfectants that may damage cultural relics and 3) mechanisms of damage and the consequences of using disinfectant on cultural relics. In the special stage of epidemic prevention and control, museum staff must have a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of various disinfectants in order to ensure the safety of cultural relics. Using disinfectants in a rational and regulated way and preventing improper use from causing damage to cultural relics are essential tasks for the preventive conservation of culture relics.