志丹苑元代水闸遗址霉菌及防霉剂抑菌效果的再调查与评估

志丹苑元代水闸遗址中处于潮湿环境条件下的木构件经IPBC(碘代丙炔基氨基甲酸酯Iodopropy-nyl Butyl Carbamate)处理已有8年,2012年时测得其细菌总量及真菌总量比2007年分别减少89.25%和55.56%,且木构件中微生物主要类群也在变化。可近年发现IPBC药物的药效在缩短,为了更加有效地治理志丹苑元代水闸遗址饱水木构件上生长的霉菌,对遗址木构件霉菌种类再次进行调查,并对防霉剂IPBC抑菌性能进行再评估。本研究从遗址木构件中分离到8类高丰度霉菌,通过菌落形态特征、培养特性和DNA-ITS序列分析等方法进行菌种的鉴定,发现种类与前几次有明显不同。例如,本次在遗址广泛分布着的一种盘菌科下未分类的菌及绿色木霉都是前几次未曾发现过的。用滤纸片抑菌圈法对这些菌进行IPBC抑菌试验。分析结果发现,木质文物霉菌的防治药物有待升级。

Reinvestigation of fungal species and reevaluation of the antifungal effect of the fungicide used for the Zhidanyuan Sluice Site of the Yuan Dynasty

At the Zhidanyuan Sluice Site of the Yuan Dynasty, the wooden components in the humid environment have been treated with 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butyl-carbamate (IPBC), a fungicide, for eight years. According to a survey in 2012, the total amount of bacteria and fungi were reduced by 89% and 56% in comparison with those recorded in 2007. However, the efficacy period of IPBC has been found to be shortened in recent years. Therefore, we reinvestigated fungal species on the wooden components and reevaluated antifungal effects of IPBC, in order to effectively arrest fungal growth on the water-saturated wooden components of the sluice site. In this study, eight high-abundance molds were isolated from the wooden components. The identification of the strains by morphological characteristics, culture characteristics and DNA-ITS sequence analysis shows that the species are significantly different from the previous ones. Widely distributed are an unclassified fungus and Trichoderma viride which have not been found at the site previously. The antifungal effects of IPBC on these fungi were tested using the method of filter paper fungistasis; the results show that the antifungal agents for wooden relics at the sluice site need to be updated.