秦始皇帝陵园出土彩绘青铜水禽铜矿料来源探索

关于秦始皇帝陵出土彩绘青铜水禽铜矿料来源的研究,对进一步研究秦代的物质文化、青铜器冶铸工艺、装饰工艺以及铜矿来源均具有重要意义。本研究对部分秦始皇帝陵园出土彩绘青铜水禽基体进行了铅同位素分析及微量元素分析。并在此基础之上,与甘肃东部及关中西部出土的部分早期秦文化铜器、国墓地出土的部分铜器、周原李家铸铜作坊出土的部分铜器、山西中条山、江西瑞昌、江西铜岭、安徽铜陵以及湖北大冶铜绿山古铜矿以及秦岭山区的部分现代铜矿的相关数据进行了对比研究。结果发现,秦始皇帝陵园出土的青铜水禽使用了相同的矿料,且与绝大多数早期秦文化铜器所使用的矿料基本相同,但与国墓地以及李家铸铜作坊出土西周铜器的矿料明显有别。秦人使用的铜矿与秦岭山区现代铜矿较为接近,表明秦人的铜矿来源可能与秦岭山区有关。

Preliminary study of the provenance of the source of copper ore used for painted bronze waterfowl unearthed from Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Park

This paper presents the results of the analysis of lead isotopes and trace elements carried out on the samples from a group of painted bronze waterfowls unearthed from Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Park. The analytical results are compared with the lead isotope and trace elements data on related bronzes and copper ores. The compared bronzes include early Qin cultural bronzes unearthed from the eastern part of Gansu province and the western part of Shaanxi province, bronze objects unearthed from Yu state cemetery and the Lijia bronze foundries in Baoji. The copper ores used for comparison include ancient copper ores from Zhongtiaoshan mountain in Shanxi province, Ruichang and Tongling in Jiangxi province, Tongling in Anhui province, Dayetonglvshan in Hubei province and modern copper ores from different mines in Qinling mountain. The results show that similar copper ores were used for all the 46 bronze waterfowls and most of the early Qin cultural bronzes, but that these were different from the western Zhou bronzes unearthed from Yu state cemetery and the Lijia bronze foundries in Baoji. The lead isotope profiles of copper ore used for bronze waterfowls and early Qin cultural bronzes are similar to those of modern copper ores in the Qinling Mountains.