故宫古建筑结构可靠性问题研究

为保护故宫古建筑,采用归类汇总与理论分析相结合的方法,研究了故宫古建筑木结构的典型残损问题。基于大量现场勘查及理论分析结果,对故宫古建筑存在的典型可靠性问题进行了分类汇总,分析了产生这些问题的原因,提出了可行性加固建议。通过典型算例,对古建筑木结构加固方法进行了深入论证。结果表明:故宫古建筑木结构的柱子、斗栱、榫卯节点、梁架、屋顶、墙体等各部位都容易产生开裂、糟朽、变形、拔榫等可靠性问题并影响结构整体的稳定性能,而这些问题的产生原因主要与木结构的构造特征、木材材料性质及施工保养等因素有关;针对不同的可靠性问题,采取合理有效的加固方法,可提高古建筑结构整体的稳定性能。

A Study on the Typical Reliability problems of the Ancient Buildings in the Forbidden City

This paper explores the ways to protect the ancient Chinese wooden buildings by using buildings in the Forbidden City as examples to study their typical structural reliability, problems A large number of buildings in the Forbidden City were surveyed： their typical structural reliability problems were collected and classified; causes for the problems were analyzed and corresponding strengthening methods were proposed. The results show that wooden compo- nents of the buildings in the Forbidden City such as columns, bracket sets, tenon-rivet joints, beam frames, roofs, walls and other compoments are prone to problems structural reliability problems, including cracks, rots, deformations, separations of tenons and rivets, which are all closely related with the structural features of timber, wood material properties, construction and maintenance; The paper suggests that by making use of practical and effective strengthening measures, these problems could be properly addressed to mitigate damages to ancient buildings.