近300年来新疆玛纳斯湖变迁研究

本文在充分分析、利用历史文献记载、精确解读历史地图信息的基础上,结合现代大比例尺地形图、遥感卫星影像资料,以及前人的科学研究和野外实地考察成果,运用历史地理逆向推演法,分析了近300年来玛纳斯湖的历史演化过程,确定了不同历史时期玛纳斯湖的地理位置,弥补了第四纪以来玛纳斯湖演化过程研究的空白,并且对不同历史时期区域自然因素与人文因素对玛纳斯湖流域水文变迁的影像进行了分析,为今后玛纳斯湖周围生态环境演化研究提出了新的研究重点和研究方向。

On the Changes of Manas Lake in the past 300 Years

To research the change process of water system (lakes or rivers) is the first step to study the environmental evolvement of the Arid Area. In this paper, the author try to reconstruct the positions and its changes of Manas Lake in different historical periods by re-analysis on historical materials, historical maps, historical files and combined with the modern scientific achievements on climatologic, hydrology and remote sensing images. The main results of this research are: 1) Before 1916, Manas Lake, as the terminal lake of Manas River, had been to the west of 86°E since 18th century; 2) There had been three rivers running into Manas Lake before the middle of 19th century; And only Manas River could flow into Manas Lake at the end of 19th century; As a result, the area of Manas Lake shrank toward north; 3) In 1916, the Manas Lake had shifted from its old position (45°30′-46°N, 85°30′-86°E ) to a new area ( 45°20′-45°45′N, 85°45′-86°45′E ). The new lake is modern Manas Lake; 4) The precipitation changes in the north slope of Tianshan Mountain and the fluvial sedimentation in the lower Manas River course and in Manas Lake were the main factors to the changes of Manas Lake in the past 300 years; 5) Human-activities is the major factor to the changes of Manas Lake in the last 50 years.