印度农民政治文化变迁和现代民族运动的兴起

印度社会精英对英国统治态度的改变是20世纪上半期印度群众性民族运动兴起的一个关键性政治变量。但是，在印度这样的农民社会里，农民(包括农村手工业者)一直是主导的社会群体，他们的政治态度不能不影响整个印度政治社会的发展。传统上的印度农民是政治冷漠主义者，他们对村社之外的全国性政治过程并不关心，但是在英国的统治下，一系列的经济、社会和政治变迁却使印度农民和全国性政治过程有了密切的利害关系，他们和印度的社会政治精英在反对英国统治方面具有了共同利益。这正是使得他们积极响应以甘地为首的印度政治精英的号召，参加印度现代民族运动，为印度民族独立和解放做出巨大历史贡献的根本原因。

The Transformation of Indian Peasantry on Political Culture and the Rise of Modern Nationalist Movement

The change in the attitude of Indian social elite toward the British reign is a key political variable for the rise of Indian massive nationalist movement during the early half of the 20~(th) century. However, in the peasant society of India, the peasantry (including rural craftsmen herein) has been the dominant social group, whose political attitude is influential in the development of Indian political society. The traditional Indian peasantry was a class of political apathy. They did not care about the outside world beyond their villages. But under the British reign, a series of economic, social and political changes connected them with the national political process where they must and can struggle for their benefit. In short, they had much in common with the Indian political elite in the struggle against the British reign. This is the key cause for the Indian peasantry to participate in the national movement for Indian independence and liberation under the call of Indian political elite led by Gandhi.