明代贵州开发的心理准备

明代贵州得到前所未有的开发，中央政府既有大同思想，对贵州各民族施行怀柔政策，希望天下归心，形成四海一家的气象，又有明显的等级观念和大汉族主义情结，坚持汉族正统地位，“明华夏之别”、“谨夷汉之防”。外来移民到贵州求生存谋发展而又疏高贵州，生活在贵州却又有着强烈的故乡情怀；依托贵州而又有傲慢之态，与贵州少数民族相依相偎而又心存排斥。贵州土司迫于政治形势接受开发，却又竭力维护既得利益；下层广大民众热心学习中原封建文化和生产技术，但是在基本生存权力得不到保障时被迫反抗。矛盾的心理一方面推动着贵州的开发进程，另一方面又使开发出现停滞或破坏。

A Study of Psychology for the Development of Guizhou in Ming Dynasty

Guizhou was much developed in Ming Dynasty. The then central government held a double-faced view towards the people in Guizhou . On the one hand, the central leadership formulated some priority policies for the local social harmony and economic development. On the other hand, the Han leaders harbored an antipathy against the local people for fear of the weakening of the royal power. The immigrants had a likewise mindset. They would like to seek their livelihood in Guizhou ; nevertheless, they missed their native places and stood aloof from the locals. Reversely, this situation had strong impacts on the leaders of local origins. They had to accept and implement the central government's policies, and felt like learning about the Han people's cultures and customs. However, they were forced to safeguard their rights of survival and development. The paradoxical mentality both facilitated and harmed the development of Guizhou.