哈密国"三立三绝"与明朝对土鲁番的政策

明朝前期的哈密地区哈密国与哈密卫二制并存。由于土鲁番与哈密国国力强弱悬殊、明朝在哈密卫尚未驻军与当地无险可守、哈密国与哈密卫远离内地及在遇到紧急情况时难以救援、明朝对土鲁番政策有失误尤其土鲁番的一再入侵等,致使哈密国“三立三绝”与哈密卫徙址。土鲁番之所以敢于“三绝”哈密国,从根本上看,与明朝严加防御北元、对边疆其他各族推行“抚绥”的安边思想与政策有关。若究明朝对土鲁番政策实质,无疑在于“羁縻”了。

On the Three-time establishment and Three-time Ruin of Hami State and the Policy of Ming Dynasty to Turpan

In Ming Dynasty, there coexisted two systems in Hami region, namely Hami state and Hami Guard Post. Hami state was established for three times , but was ruined for three times. Its reasons are the following: first, Turpan state was powerful but Hami state was weak; second, Ming Dynasty did not station at Hami Guard Post and Hami was difficult to defend; third, it was difficult to rescue when in urgent situation because of the remote distance,fourth,the incorrect policy of Ming Dynasty and Turpan's invasion over and over again. Why Turpan dared to destroy Hami State? Radically speaking, it had a close relation with Ming Dynasty's borderland thought and policy to keep a close guard against Northern Yuan and to pacificate other borderland regions. Essentially speaking, the policy of Ming Dynasty to Turpan rested with the" Loose-Control "policy.