Macusani obsidian from southern Peru: A characterization of its elemental composition with a demonstration of its ancient use期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

Macusani obsidian from southern Peru: A characterization of its elemental composition with a demonstration of its ancient use

Authors:	Nathan Craig Robert J. Speakman Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff Mark Aldenderfer Luis Flores Blanco Margaret Brown Vega Michael D. Glascock Charles Stanish

Affiliation:	1. Institute of Geology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Rozvojová 269, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic;2. Research Group on Granite Petrology, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Caixa Postal 8608, 66075-100 Belém, Pará, Brazil;3. Vale Institute of Technology, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, 66055-090 Belém, Pará, Brazil;1. National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Institute of Latin American Anthropology and Thought (INAPL), 3 de febrero Street 1378, C.A.B.A., Argentina;2. University of Missouri, Research Reactor Center, Columbia, USA;3. National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Institute of Latin American Anthropology and Thought (INAPL), 3 de febrero 1378 Street, C.A.B.A., Argentina;1. Grupo de Pesquisa Petrologia de Granitoides, Instituto de Geociências (IG), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, CEP 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Geologia e Geoquímica, IG-UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil;3. Vale Institute of Technology, Belém, PA, Brazil;4. Universidade Federal do Sul-Sudeste do Pará (UNIFESSPA), Marabá, PA, Brazil;5. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Santarém, PA, Brazil;1. Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;2. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy;3. Centro de Excelencia de Geotermia de los Andes (CEGA-FONDAP 15090013), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;4. Advanced Mining Technology Center, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;5. Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;6. Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France;1. College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;2. College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;1. CICTERRA-CONICET-UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Pab. Geol., X5016CGA Córdoba, Argentina;2. Instituto de Geociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Lago 562, 05508-080 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. Departamento de Petrología y Geoquímica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;4. Regional Noroeste, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida Bolivia 4650 - 1° Piso, 4400 Salta, Argentina

Abstract:	Transparent obsidian artifacts have been reported for the northern Lake Titicaca Basin. Based on instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of these artifacts a distinct chemical group was identified. Yet, the location of the source of transparent obsidian in the southern Andes remained unreported in the archaeological literature. This paper reports on the chemical composition and geographic location of a source of transparent obsidian from the Macusani region of Peru. Through the use of INAA and portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) we demonstrate that Macusani obsidian or macusanite comprises (at least) two chemical groups. One of these groups was used for making artifacts during the Archaic Period. Artifacts made of this obsidian were found more than 120 km from the source and yet, one-third of the obsidian artifacts encountered at Macusani were from the non-local source of Chivay which is 215 km to the southwest.

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