Late Holocene vegetation and palaeoenvironmental history of the Dunadd area,Argyll, Scotland: chronology of events |
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| Authors: | R.A. Housley S.P.E. Blockley I.P. Matthews A. MacLeod J.J. Lowe S. Ramsay J.J. Miller E.N. Campbell |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, TW20 0EX, UK;2. Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK;3. GUARD, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK;1. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 – Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, BIK-F, TSP6 Evolution and Climate, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany;3. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 3.3 – Chemistry and Physics of Earth Materials, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Strulugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;5. Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, GEOMAR, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany;6. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Department of Environmental Resources and Geohazards, Kopernika 19, Torun 87-100, Poland;1. Department of Biology, University of Bergen, and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Postbox 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;2. Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;3. School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PY, UK;1. School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9AL, UK;2. Department of Geography & Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, UK;3. Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, UK;4. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy;5. Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK;6. Department of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;7. Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK;8. NERC Radiocarbon Facility (Environment), Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK;1. Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, Gwahang-no 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea;2. Geological Survey of Japan, Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan;1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK;2. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;3. Department of Geography, The University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;1. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK;2. Archaeology, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BF, UK |
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| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the chronology and environmental significance of a sediment sequence from an alluvial locality in the vicinity of the historic site of Dunadd, Scotland. It outlines the rationale and statistical validity of an age model derived for a sequence of floodplain sediments from which detailed pollen-stratigraphical and plant macrofossil records have been derived. A series of radiocarbon dates are calibrated using a Bayesian modelling approach, the results of which can be refined by incorporating two independent age estimates based on tephra layers of known age. Analysis of the entire floodplain sequence for volcanic glass shards revealed the presence of discrete but geochemically very similar tephra layers within the upper (late Holocene) part of the sequence. Comparison with published geochemical data obtained from Icelandic tephras of historical age indicates strong statistical correlations with the Hekla 1947 AD and Hekla 1510 AD. While the Hekla 1510 AD tephra has previously been reported from sites within Britain and Ireland, the Dunadd sequence affords the first record of the Hekla 1947 AD tephra layer within Scotland. When the ages and stratigraphic positions of both tephra layers are incorporated into the Bayesian age model, an overall centennial to decadal precision for the late Holocene is achieved, with archaeological and environmental transitions discriminated with highest-likelihood age uncertainty ranges of 20–50 years at 95% confidence. The local environmental record is assessed in the light of this new chronological framework: the data support previously reported proposals for two periods of significant climatic deterioration with increased wetness, the first during the early Medieval period and the second during the late 16th and 17th centuries AD. |
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