近代与当代两次移民潮比较研究

鸦片战争爆发至改革开放以来，中国大陆发生了两次大规模的移民潮。两比较呈现出这样几个特点：由被动移民转为主动移民；由东南沿海的男性单身发展到全国各地的举家移民；新移民比老移民化程度高、职业呈多元化；政治经济地位后比前高。两次移民均对祖国产生了重大影响，老移民对中国民族民主革命作出了重大贡献，新移民对大陆的经济建设、科技发展等发挥了重要作用。

A Comparative Study of Two Tides of Emigration in Modern China

There appeared two tides of emigration in mainland China from the outbreak of the Opium War to the period of reform and opening-up to the outside world.Compared with the first tide of emigration,the new emigration had the following characteristics:passive emigration transformed into positive emigration;the state of man alone emigrating from the south-east coastal areas turned into the whole family emigrating from all the country;the new emigrants had better education and were employed in much more kinds of occupations than the old ones;their political and economic status was much higher than that of the old ones.The two tides of emigration both had important influence on China:the first emigration made significant contribution to the Chinese national-democratic revolution,and the new emigration played a great role in China's economic construction,scientific and technological development,etc.