不可移动文物保存环境研究——以千手观音造像环境监测与维护方案为例

为充分了解环境因素对千手观音造像受损的影响,准确科学评估千手观音造像损害破坏的机制,2008年8月至2012年12月间对千手观音造像所在的微环境进行了气象和环境空气质量监测,检测了大气颗粒物、雨水、雾水和凝结水成分,同时对脱落的金箔进行破坏机理分析.研究结果表明,千手观音造像所在环境的相对湿度较高、且大气颗粒物污染严重；颗粒物呈酸性,含有较高浓度的硫酸根和硝酸根；造像表面的凝结水中除含有高浓度的硫酸根和硝酸根外,还含有高浓度氯离子,且酸性较高,对千手观音造像存在潜在的破坏作用.本文在此基础上提出了千手观音维护方案,为不可移动文物的保护工作提供参考.

A Study of Immovable Cultural Relics' Preservation Environment

To elaborate the impact of environmental factors on the damage of the Thousand-Hand Bodhisattva in Dazu Country, and to scientifically understand the destructive factors of this masterpiece, the meteorological and air quality, including atmospheric particulates, rain, fog and condensed water are monitored in this study. The peeled gold foils on the surface of the statue are also examined. The results show that the atmospheric particulates are acidic with high content of sulfate and r,itrate. Condensed water on the surface of the statue also contains high concentration of chloride ion besides sulfate and nitrate, as well as high strength of acidity, which may cause corrosion of the statue. On the basis of the analysis above, maintenance schemes are proposed to protect this precious unmovable cultural relic.